英语介词的几种翻译法
<p>英语中大多数介词含义灵活，一词多义多用。除了一些常用短语已有译法外，大量介词需要从其基本意义出发，联系上下文加以灵活处理。下面简明地介绍几种基本译法。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="plane">plane</span> <span word="crushed">crushed</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="control">control</span>．这架飞机失去控制而坠毁。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="letter">letter</span> <span word="E">E</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="commonly">commonly</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="electromotive">electromotive</span> <span word="force">force</span>．通常用<span word="E">E</span>这个字母表示电动势。 ③在作条件、方式或方法状语的介词短语中，介词有时转译成动词。如：</p><p><span word="But">But</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="molecules">molecules</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="atoms">atoms</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="optical">optical</span> <span word="microscope">microscope</span>．但是，即使有几百个原子的分子也太小，用最好的光学显微镜也看不见它们。 ④介词短语作补足语时，其中介词常转译成动词。如：</p><p><span word="Heat">Heat</span> <span word="sets">sets</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="particles">particles</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="random">random</span> <span word="motion">motion</span>．热量使这些粒子作随机运动。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="engineer">engineer</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="ill">ill</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span>．<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="flour">flour</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lungs">lungs</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>．这个工程师得了肺病，那是由于面粉对肺部的影响而造成的，当时医生是这样对他说的。因此，熟悉介词与动词或形容词的习惯搭配是增词并正确理解词义的一种重要手段。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="porous">porous</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> <span word="acts">acts</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="seine">seine</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="separating">separating</span> <span word="molecules">molecules</span>．多孔壁的作用就象一把筛子，它把不同质量的分子分开。 ②译成让步分句。</p><p><span word="With">With</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="disadvantages">disadvantages</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span>．这个设计尽管有种种缺点，仍被认为最佳设计之一。 ③译成真实或虚拟条件分句。</p>
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