口译中遇到中文称谓如何翻译
<p>在外事接待活动中，译员首先面临的一道难题是称谓的口译。称谓代表了一个人的职位、职衔或学衔，体现了一个人的资历和地位。称谓的误译不仅是对有关人员的不尊重，而且也会产生种种不良的后果。称谓的准确 一般说来，各类机构或组织的首长其汉语称谓译成英语时虽可套用通用词 <span word="head">head</span>，但从比较严格的意义上看，应使用特定的、规范的称谓语。例如：</p><p>校长（大学） <span word="President">President</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span> <span word="University">University</span></p><p>校长（中小学） <span word="Principal">Principal</span> /<span word="Headmaster">Headmaster</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Donghai">Donghai</span> <span word="Middle">Middle</span> <span word="School">School</span></p><p>院长（大学下属） <span word="Dean">Dean</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Graduate">Graduate</span> <span word="School">School</span></p><p>系主任（大学学院下属） <span word="Chair">Chair</span>/<span word="Chairman">Chairman</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="Department">Department</span></p><p>会长／主席（学／协会） <span word="President">President</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Student">Student</span> <span word="Union">Union</span>, <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="University">University</span></p><p>厂长（企业） <span word="Director">Director</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Machine">Machine</span> <span word="Tools">Tools</span> <span word="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</span> <span word="Plant">Plant</span></p><p>院长（医院） <span word="President">President</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Huadong">Huadong</span> <span word="Hospital">Hospital</span></p><p>主任（中心） <span word="Director">Director</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Business">Business</span> <span word="Center">Center</span></p><p>主任（行政） <span word="Director">Director</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Foreign">Foreign</span> <span word="Affairs">Affairs</span> <span word="Office">Office</span></p><p>董事长（企业） <span word="President">President</span>／<span word="Chairman">Chairman</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Board">Board</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Directors">Directors</span></p><p>董事长（学校） <span word="President">President</span>／<span word="Chairman">Chairman</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Board">Board</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Trustees">Trustees</span></p><p>首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总……”表示，而表示首席长官的英语称谓语则常带有 <span word="chief">chief</span> <span word="general">general</span>, <span word="head">head</span> , <span word="managing">managing</span> 这类词，因此当 总书记 <span word="general">general</span> <span word="secretary">secretary</span></p>
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