专家谈翻译“八戒”（二）
<p>五、戒结构单调，组合生硬 “拉郎配”</p><p>由于汉英结构不同，表达方式迥异，“硬性 在纪念大学毕业20周年聚会时，我忽然问起原来的班主任：“我个子又不矮，怎么把我安排在了第一排呢？” <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reunion">reunion</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="for">for</span> 20 <span word="anniversary">anniversary</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="graduation">graduation</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="university">university</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="suddenly">suddenly</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="former">former</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="charge">charge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="then">then</span>:" <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="stature">stature</span>, <span word="how">how</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="arrange">arrange</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="row">row</span>?" 一个高度近视的女博士去擦鞋店擦高统靴，秃头老板亲自蹲下来给她效劳。 <span word="When">When</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="suffers">suffers</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="severe">severe</span> <span word="myopic">myopic</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="shoes">shoes</span>-<span word="polishing">polishing</span> <span word="shop">shop</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="buskins">buskins</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="bald">bald</span> <span word="boss">boss</span> <span word="squatted">squatted</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="serve">serve</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="personally">personally</span>. 黑体字部分，正是契合了英语的表达习惯。</p><p>六、戒“愚忠”，不谙增减之道 我们耳熟能详的东西外国人可能会感到一头雾水，译者需要增加必要的说明和补充或者减译。否则，外国人会不知所云。毕竟，汉译英最终是给外国人看的。</p><p>例如：风水 <span word="fengshui">fengshui</span>——<span word="the">the</span> <span word="location">location</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="tomb">tomb</span>, <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fortune">fortune</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="family">family</span>. 例如：（美国对台）“三不政策” 会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。 <span word="One">One</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="climb">climb</span> <span word="Clear">Clear</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="summit">summit</span>, <span word="See">See</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="surrounding">surrounding</span> <span word="Mountain">Mountain</span> <span word="tops">tops</span> <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="lie">lie</span> <span word="below">below</span> <span word="me">me</span> （新西兰人路易·艾黎译《杜甫·望岳》） <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="watch">watch</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="jumping">jumping</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fiery">fiery</span> <span word="pit">pit</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="shut">shut</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 我不会眼睁睁看着你往火坑里跳，到时候我会闭上的。 不要嫌我黑，两眼放光辉；不要嫌我瘦，一身好精肉。 <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="Cold">Cold</span>-<span word="shoulder">shoulder</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="swarthy">swarthy</span>(黝黑的) <span word="face">face</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pair">pair</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="piercing">piercing</span>(敏锐的) <span word="eyes">eyes</span>; <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="Cold">Cold</span>-<span word="shoulder">shoulder</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="slight">slight</span> <span word="figure">figure</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="lean">lean</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="healthy">healthy</span>. 文中<span word="the">the</span> <span word="location">location</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="tomb">tomb</span>, <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fortune">fortune</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="family">family</span>. <span word="on">on</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Taiwan">Taiwan</span> <span word="independence">independence</span>, <span word="no">no</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="two">two</span>-<span word="China">China</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Taiwan">Taiwan</span> <span word="membership">membership</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="international">international</span> <span word="organizations">organizations</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basis">basis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="statehood">statehood</span>. 七、戒语句重复 汉语多重复，以强化语气；英语则要尽量避免重复。 先生曰：“狼负我，狼负我！”狼曰：“吾非固欲负汝。天生汝辈，固需吾辈食也。” "<span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ungrateful">ungrateful</span> <span word="beast">beast</span>," <span word="complained">complained</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span>. "<span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="all">all</span>," <span word="retorted">retorted</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wolf">wolf</span>, "<span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="ungrateful">ungrateful</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="devour">devour</span>." （颜惠庆译《马中锡·中山狼传》） 王曰：“此鸟不飞则已，一飞冲天；不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。” "<span word="The">The</span> <span word="bird">bird</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="flown">flown</span> <span word="yet">yet</span>", <span word="replied">replied</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="King">King</span>,"<span word="Once">Once</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="does">does</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="soar">soar</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sky">sky</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="cried">cried</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="yet">yet</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="does">does</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="startle">startle</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span>." （杨宪益译《史记·滑稽列传》 阿凡提借了财主一锭金子，还他时给了他两锭。 <span word="Afanty">Afanty</span> <span word="borrowed">borrowed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="ingot">ingot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="gold">gold</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="moneybags">moneybags</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="repaid">repaid</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>. （选自艾临《幽默新大陆》） 又斗争，又团结，以斗争的手段，达团结之目的。 <span word="Unity">Unity</span>, <span word="struggle">struggle</span>, <span word="unity">unity</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="struggle">struggle</span>. 中国人也好，外国人也好，死人也好，活人也好，对的就是对的，不对的就是不对的。 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span>, <span word="no">no</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="concerns">concerns</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="foreigners">foreigners</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dead">dead</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="living">living</span>. 八、戒另起炉灶，走失精气神，沦为法国作家梅纳日所批评的 “不忠的美人”——即语言优美但不忠于原文。（参见2005年08月26日《济南日报》： 艾临文章《不忠的美人与忠实的美人——写在〈每天幽它一默〉出版后》）严复在</p>
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