专家谈翻译“八戒”（一）
<p>英语学习者一般愿做英译汉题目，怕做汉译英题目。由于历史和文化上的差异，汉英词语之间存在着或显或隐的从小青梅竹马(<span word="green">green</span> <span word="plum">plum</span> <span word="bamboo">bamboo</span> <span word="horse">horse</span>——<span word="grew">grew</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="together">together</span>)</p><p>黄瓜( <span word="yellow">yellow</span> <span word="melon">melon</span>——<span word="cucumber">cucumber</span>) 紫菜白菜( <span word="white">white</span> <span word="vegetable">vegetable</span> ——<span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="cabbage">cabbage</span>)</p><p>红木(<span word="red">red</span> <span word="wood">wood</span>——<span word="pad">pad</span> <span word="auk">auk</span>) 红豆杉(<span word="red">red</span> <span word="fir">fir</span>——<span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="yew">yew</span>)</p><p>黑社会(<span word="black">black</span> <span word="society">society</span> ——<span word="sinister">sinister</span> <span word="gang">gang</span>)</p><p>三、戒“水土不符”，习惯搭配失当 这的确是难度系数较大的问题，它要求译者既有较高的中文修养，又要有较高的英文造诣，一知半解的人常常在此“翻车”。如： 写罢，掷笔在桌上。又歌了一回，再饮数杯酒，不觉沉醉，力不胜酒，便呼酒保计算了，取些银子算还，多的都赏了酒保。 <span word="And">And</span> <span word="tossed">tossed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="table">table</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="intoned">intoned</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="verses">verses</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="himself">himself</span>, <span word="then">then</span> <span word="downed">downed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="cups">cups</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wine">wine</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="dunk">dunk</span>. <span word="Song">Song</span>-<span word="Jiang">Jiang</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bill">bill</span>, <span word="paid">paid</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="waiter">waiter</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="change">change</span>.主语是句子的灵魂， 定住译文的主语的是关键的一步棋。主语定偏了，整个句子将显得松散乏力，甚至会误导读者。 如果这个问题不解决，势必影响两国的利益。 <span word="Failure">Failure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="settle">settle</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="bound">bound</span> <span word="impair">impair</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="relations">relations</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="seriously">seriously</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="solved">solved</span> , <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="affect">affect</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="interests">interests</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="countries">countries</span></p><p>在上面的两种译文中，显然第一种译文主语选得好，句子流畅。 共同的利益把我们两个伟大的国家连接在一起。 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="holds">holds</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="nations">nations</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cement">cement</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="interests">interests</span>. 此句主语部分处理得颇为干练。 操吴戈兮披犀甲，车错毂兮短兵接。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="grasp">grasp</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="shields">shields</span>, <span word="clad">clad</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Rhinoceros">Rhinoceros</span> <span word="Hide">Hide</span>;<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Chariots">Chariots</span> <span word="clash">clash</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Daggers">Daggers</span> <span word="gashing">gashing</span> <span word="wide">wide</span>.</p>
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