同声传译技巧探讨
<p>一、译员经常遇到的问题</p><p>1、倒装句的处理</p><p>英、汉语的语序差别很大，这就给口译造成了较大困难。例如：<span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="surrendered">surrendered</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1945 <span word="after">after</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="dropped">dropped</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="atom">atom</span> <span word="bombs">bombs</span>. 同传时，往往是刚刚译出前半句“日本人在1945年投降了”，接着又出现了后半句“美国人投了两颗原子弹后”。在这种情况下，如果译员已按英文语序译出，只好把句子重新组合，再重复说一遍。但这又显得英语常用被动语态，相对来说，汉语则多用主动语态。了解这一点，在互译时，就会避免译出英文式的中文，或中文式的英文。例如：<span word="In">In</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="biggest">biggest</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="insurance">insurance</span>. 此句英文用的是被动语态，处理好长句子，是同声传译的基本功之一。例如： <span word="How">How</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="Union">Union</span> <span word="contribute">contribute</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="television">television</span> <span word="programme">programme</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="competitive">competitive</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="market">market</span>, <span word="forward">forward</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="capable">capable</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="radiating">radiating</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="d">d</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="creating">creating</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span>? 这个长句，在同声传译时在不打乱其完整结构的情况下，首先将其切割为短句，在必要的地方，重复使用一些字词，同时在断句之间，添加一些虚词，使句子与句子之间有机联结起来。此句可以这样译：欧盟应该怎样做才能对欧洲的电影、电视行业有所贡献，使它在国际市场上具有竞争能力，使它能够发挥欧洲文化的影响力，并且能为欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢？ 二、同声传译临场紧急情况的处理</p>
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