科技英语翻译实例
<p>术语是表示某一专门概念的词语，科技术语就是在科技方面表示某一专门概念的词语。因此二、科技英语中倍数增减(包括比较)的汉译</p><p>1、倍数增加的译法</p><p>英语中说“增加了多少倍”，都是连基数也包括在内的，是表示增加后的结果；而在汉语里所谓“增加了多少倍”，则只表示纯粹增加的数量。所以英语里凡是表示倍数增加的句型，汉译时都可译成“是……的几倍”，或“比……增加(<span word="n">n</span>-1)倍”。为了便于查阅，现将英语中表示倍数增加的一些表达法及其译法归纳如下：</p><p>例如：</p><p><span word="a">a</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="stereo">stereo</span> <span word="recorders">recorders</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="against">against</span> 1977.(各种立体声录音机的产量比1977年增加了三倍。)</p><p><span word="b">b</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="output">output</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="color">color</span> <span word="television">television</span> <span word="receivers">receivers</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="factor">factor</span> <span word="of">of</span> 3 <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>.(去年彩色电视接收机的产量增加了二倍。)</p><p>应当指出，有些书认为<span word="by">by</span>后面的倍数是净增加的倍数，汉译时应译为"净增加多少倍的 "，而不该减一倍。本人认为这种译法未必妥当，因为"<span word="by">by</span> <span word="n">n</span> <span word="times">times</span>"的意思是"用<span word="n">n</span>数乘"。如15 <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="by">by</span> 5 <span word="times">times</span>是15×5 = 75之意，75与15相比显然是增加了四倍，而不是五倍。</p><p>2、倍数比较的译法</p><p>(1)"<span word="n">n</span> <span word="times">times</span> + <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="than">than</span> + 被比较对象"，表示其大小“为……的<span word="n">n</span>倍”，或"的 比……大<span word="n">n</span>-1倍"。例如：<span word="This">This</span> <span word="thermal">thermal</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="plant">plant</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="one">one</span>. (这个热电站比那个热电站大三倍。) 这是因为英语在倍数比较的表达上，其传统习惯是<span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="than">than</span>等于<span word="as">as</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="as">as</span>，因此汉译时不能只从字面上理解，将其译为"比……大<span word="n">n</span>倍"，而应将其译为"是……的<span word="n">n</span>的 倍"，或"比……大<span word="n">n</span>-1倍"。</p>
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