汉语成语英译技巧
<p>成语是人们长期以来习用的、简洁精辟的定型词组或短语。汉语成语大多由四字组成，一般都有出处。有些成语可从字面上理解，而有些成语必须知道其来源或典故才能懂得其意思。也就是说，在很多情况下，人们使用成语时并不仅仅停留在表层含义，更多的是借用其深层意蕴。</p><p>成语的深层含义和中西方的文化差异，使得成语的英译成为一大难题。对于成语采取何种方式翻译，本文将分情况进行讨论。</p><p>一、字面翻译</p><p>1）汉语成语没有比喻意义，字面意思也就是实际意义。</p><p>例1、劳苦功高 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="toilsome">toilsome</span> <span word="labour">labour</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="distinctive">distinctive</span> <span word="merits">merits</span></p><p>攻其不备 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="strike">strike</span> <span word="sb">sb</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="uNPRepared">uNPRepared</span></p><p>牢不可破 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="indestructible">indestructible</span></p><p>2)汉语成语的字面翻译能够为译文读者所接受，其比喻效果和原文一样形象生动，译文能使读者很快联想到英文中的对等成语，可以使字面翻译。</p><p>例2、黛玉道：“跌了灯值钱呢，还是跌了人值钱？你又穿不惯木屐子。那灯笼叫他们前头点着；这个又轻巧又亮，原是雨里自己拿着的。你自己手里拿着这个，岂不好？明儿在送来——就失了手也有限的，怎么忽然又变出这‘剖腹藏珠’的脾气来！”</p><p><span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="valuable">valuable</span>, <span word="lamp">lamp</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="man">man</span>? <span word="You">You</span>'<span word="re">re</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wearing">wearing</span> <span word="pattens">pattens</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="horn">horn</span> <span word="lantern">lantern</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="front">front</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span>, <span word="since">since</span> <span word="it">it</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="handy">handy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="meant">meant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>. <span word="Wouldn">Wouldn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="better">better</span>? <span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="send">send</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="later">later</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="drop">drop</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="won">won</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="matter">matter</span>. <span word="What">What</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="suddenly">suddenly</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> ' <span word="cut">cut</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="stomach">stomach</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hide">hide</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pearl">pearl</span>'? ( <span word="translated">translated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Yang">Yang</span> <span word="Xianyi">Xianyi</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Gladys">Gladys</span> <span word="Yang">Yang</span>)</p>
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