2011届高考英语一轮复习：非谓语动词讲解
<p> 2011届高考英语一轮复习讲解：非谓语动词</p><p> 【知识要点】</p><p> 定义：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。分类：非谓语动词有动词不定式（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Infinitive">Infinitive</span>）；动名词（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Gerund">Gerund</span>）；现在分词（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Present">Present</span> <span word="Participle">Participle</span>）；过去分词（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Past">Past</span> <span word="Participle">Participle</span>）</p><p> 一、动词不定式</p><p> 不定式由“<span word="to">to</span>+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“<span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span>+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。</p><p> 1.不定式的时态及语态</p><p> 时态 主动 被动 意义 例句 语态</p><p> 一般 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> 与谓语动词同时发生或以后发生 <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="glad">glad</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="you">you</span>. 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式须用被动形式。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sent">sent</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Tib">Tib</span></p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="translated">translated</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="languages">languages</span></p><p> 进行</p><p> 表示谓语的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="pretended">pretended</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="in">in</span>.</p><p> 完成 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="done">done</span> 先于谓语动作发生 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="before">before</span>.</p>
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