(江苏专用)2017届高考英语二轮复习课件：第三部分专题二 阅读理解 第4课时
<p> 第4课时 顺藤摸瓜——明辨词义猜测类题目 ⊙怎么考 1.词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力，以及<span word="it">it</span>，<span word="they">they</span>，<span word="them">them</span>等判断其指代内容。 2.词义猜测类题目中常含有<span word="refer">refer</span> <span word="to">to</span>，<span word="mean">mean</span>，<span word="be">be</span> <span word="placed">placed</span> <span word="by">by</span>，<span word="is">is</span> <span word="closest">closest</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="meaning">meaning</span> <span word="to">to</span>，<span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="for">for</span>，<span word="be">be</span> <span word="defined">defined</span> <span word="as">as</span>等。</p><p> ⊙怎么学 在平时阅读训练中除积累阅读的常用技巧外，还要有意学会猜测生僻词汇的能力，以及一些熟词生义的用法等。 ⊙怎么解 做此类题目，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，“上下取证”，通过构词法、语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义，“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解，然后“上下求证”是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。</p><p> 具体方法 1.根据接近或递进关系：由<span word="and">and</span>或<span word="or">or</span>等可确定生词的义域，推知它的大致意义。 2.根据选择或相对关系：对比<span word="or">or</span>(要么，或者)前面和后面的句子或词语，来猜测生词的含义。 3.根据同位或解释关系：通过生词后的定语(定语从句或分词短语等)、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思。 4.根据转折或对比关系：由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义。</p><p> 5.根据因果关系：根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。既可由因推果，也可由果推因。常见的词有：<span word="since">since</span>，<span word="as">as</span>，<span word="therefore">therefore</span>，<span word="due">due</span> <span word="to">to</span>，<span word="thus">thus</span>等。 6.根据列举的实例：根据<span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>等后列举的实例也可推测出前面某个词语的意思。 7.利用构词法猜测词义：很多词都可以通过分析其“转化”“合成”或“派生”来确定该词在具体语境中的意义。 【典例剖析1】 (2017·大纲全国卷Ⅱ，<span word="D">D</span>)<span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Ethiopian">Ethiopian</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="Lucy">Lucy</span> <span word="twice">twice</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Lucy">Lucy</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="exhibition">exhibition</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Ethiopian">Ethiopian</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Museum">Museum</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="capital">capital</span>，<span word="Addis">Addis</span> <span word="Ababa">Ababa</span>，<span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span>__<span word="replica">replica</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="locked">locked</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="secret">secret</span> <span word="storeroom">storeroom</span>.<span word="A">A</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Museum">Museum</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Science">Science</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Houston">Houston</span>，<span word="Texas">Texas</span>，<span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="discussing">discussing</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Ethiopians">Ethiopians</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>.<span word="tour">tour</span>，<span word="which">which</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Houston">Houston</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="September">September</span>.</p>
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