【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 语法专练四 名词性从句
<p> 他是个好学生,就是有点粗心。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="differed">differed</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="classmates">classmates</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="devoted">devoted</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="spare">spare</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reading">reading</span>. 他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间用在了读书上。 其他介词后面需要用<span word="that">that</span>从句作宾语时,必须用<span word="it">it</span>作形式宾语。如: <span word="You">You</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="depend">depend</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="you">you</span>. 你要相信我会一直帮助你的。 (三)表语从句 <span word="that">that</span>引导表语从句时,不可省略。如: <span word="My">My</span> <span word="decision">decision</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="at">at</span> 6 <span word="o">o</span>’<span word="clock">clock</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>.我的 决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。 (四)同位语从句 连词<span word="that">that</span>引导同位语从句时,应放在某些抽象名词之后,如:<span word="fact">fact</span>,<span word="hope">hope</span>,<span word="desire">desire</span>, <span word="thought">thought</span>,<span word="suggestion">suggestion</span>,<span word="idea">idea</span>,<span word="news">news</span>,<span word="problem">problem</span>,<span word="possibility">possibility</span>等,对前面的名词起补充说 明的作用,连词<span word="that">that</span>只起引导同位语从句的作用,在从句中不充当任何成分, 通常情况不能省略。如: <span word="There">There</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span>’<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="UFO">UFO</span> <span word="is">is</span>—<span word="not">not</span> <span word="ever">ever</span>. 我有一种感觉,我们将永远不会知道不明飞行物是什么——永远都不会。 三、<span word="whether">whether</span>/<span word="if">if</span>(是否) (一)表语从句和同位语从句只能用<span word="whether">whether</span>引导不能用<span word="if">if</span>;当主语从句放于 句首时,也只能用<span word="whether">whether</span>引导不用<span word="if">if</span>;当<span word="it">it</span>作形式主语,主语从句放在句末时, 用<span word="whether">whether</span>或<span word="if">if</span>引导均可;<span word="discuss">discuss</span>后必须用<span word="whether">whether</span>引导宾语从句。如: <span word="Whether">Whether</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>.(主语从句放于句首) =<span word="The">The</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="given">given</span>.(表语从句) =<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="given">given</span>.(同位语从句) 是否要开会仍然是个问题。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="doubtful">doubtful</span> <span word="whether">whether</span>/<span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="here">here</span>.(主语从句放于句末) 他是否要来还不确定。 (二)宾语从句 1.在及物动词后: (×)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="come">come</span>.(<span word="whether">whether</span>从句中不能用否定式) (√)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="whether">whether</span>/<span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span>. (√)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="comes">comes</span>. (×)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="comes">comes</span>. (√)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="there">there</span>. 2.在介词后: 在介词后只用<span word="whether">whether</span>,不用 <span word="if">if</span>。如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 那要取决于你是否能做好这项工作。 四、特殊疑问词 (一)主语从句 特殊疑问词引导主语从句时,常用<span word="it">it</span>作形式主语。如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>. 我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="preside">preside</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>.由谁来主持会 议还没有确定。 (二)宾语从句 1.能接特殊疑问词引导宾语从句的动词(词组)有很多,常见的有<span word="see">see</span>,<span word="tell">tell</span>,<span word="ask">ask</span>, <span word="answer">answer</span>,<span word="know">know</span>,<span word="decide">decide</span>,<span word="find">find</span> <span word="out">out</span>,<span word="imagine">imagine</span>,<span word="suggest">suggest</span>,<span word="doubt">doubt</span>,<span word="wonder">wonder</span>,<span word="show">show</span>,<span word="discuss">discuss</span>,<span word="un">un</span>- <span word="derstand">derstand</span>,<span word="inform">inform</span>,<span word="advise">advise</span>等。如: <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="imagine">imagine</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 我不能想象他是如何做的这件事。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="couldn">couldn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="refused">refused</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 他们不明白我为什么拒绝。 2.作介词宾语。如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="solve">solve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>. 这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="worrying">worrying</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="next">next</span>. 我们正在为下一步该做什么而烦恼。 (三)表语从句、同位语从句 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="stay">stay</span>. 问题是我们应该待在哪里。(表语从句) <span word="My">My</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="touch">touch</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="answered">answered</span>. 我如何能和他取得联系的问题还没有得到答复。(同位语从句) 五、名词性关系从句 名词性关系从句实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。<span word="what">what</span>是最 常用来引导名词性关系从句的引导词,此时<span word="what">what</span>=<span word="the">the</span> <span word="thing">thing</span>(<span word="s">s</span>)<span word="which">which</span>/<span word="that">that</span>,有 时<span word="what">what</span>可以用作前置定语,如<span word="what">what</span> <span word="help">help</span>,<span word="what">what</span> <span word="funny">funny</span> <span word="stories">stories</span>等。此外,<span word="whoever">whoever</span> =<span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="who">who</span>;<span word="whichever">whichever</span>=<span word="anyone">anyone</span>/<span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="that">that</span>(<span word="whichever">whichever</span>也可指人);<span word="whatever">whatever</span> =<span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="that">that</span>(<span word="whichever">whichever</span>和<span word="whatever">whatever</span>也可作定语)。有时<span word="where">where</span>(=<span word="the">the</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="where">where</span>)和<span word="when">when</span>(=<span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="when">when</span>)也可以用来引导名词性关系从句。 (一)主语从句 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="textbook">textbook</span>. 他们需要的是一本好课本。 <span word="Whichever">Whichever</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="likes">likes</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 他喜欢的任何东西都会给他。 <span word="Whichever">Whichever</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="for">for</span>. 无论他买了哪一本书都要付款。 <span word="Whoever">Whoever</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="rewarded">rewarded</span>. 无论谁干了这件工作一定会得到酬谢。 (二)宾语从句 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="whoever">whoever</span>(=<span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="who">who</span>)<span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="warm">warm</span> <span word="support">support</span>. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。(作动词宾语) <span word="She">She</span> <span word="walked">walked</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="where">where</span>(=<span word="the">the</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="where">where</span>)<span word="he">he</span> <span word="stood">stood</span>. 她走到他站着的地方。(作介词宾语) <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="judge">judge</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="what">what</span>(=<span word="the">the</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="that">that</span>)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 我可以根据我对他的了解来判断。(作介词宾语) <span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="topic">topic</span>(=<span word="any">any</span> <span word="topic">topic</span> <span word="that">that</span>)<span word="you">you</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span>. 你可以写你比较喜欢的任何题目。(作介词宾语) (三)表语从句 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="lies">lies</span>. 这就是我们的问题所在。 <span word="Tomorrow">Tomorrow</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="convenient">convenient</span>. 明天是最方便的时候。 (四)同位语从句 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="doll">doll</span>,<span word="exactly">exactly</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="longed">longed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span>. 我给了这个女孩一个大洋娃娃,那正是她渴望拥有的东西。 (五)名词性关系从句还可以作宾语补足语 <span word="We">We</span>’<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="fit">fit</span> <span word="for">for</span>. 他适合干什么,我们就培养他干什么。 <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="baby">baby</span> <span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span>. 你喜欢什么名字,我就叫这个小孩什么名字。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="today">today</span>. 他把公司办成了今天这个样子。 易混点总结 名词性从句的几个问题 一、<span word="that">that</span>通常不可省略的情况 1.<span word="that">that</span>引导的主语从句置于句首时,<span word="that">that</span>不可以省略; 2.当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后几个从 句的<span word="that">that</span>不可省略; 3.由<span word="it">it</span>作形式宾语时,<span word="that">that</span>引导的宾语从句中,<span word="that">that</span>也不可省略。 二、<span word="wh">wh</span>-<span word="ever">ever</span>与<span word="no">no</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="wh">wh</span>-的用法区别 <span word="wh">wh</span>-<span word="ever">ever</span>既可引导名词性关系从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而<span word="no">no</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="wh">wh</span>- 只能引导让步状语从句。如: <span word="Whatever">Whatever</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="said">said</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="wouldn">wouldn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="listen">listen</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="me">me</span>. =<span word="No">No</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="said">said</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="wouldn">wouldn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="listen">listen</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="me">me</span>. 无论我说什么,他都不会听我的。(让步状语从句) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="said">said</span>. 我说什么他都信。(宾语从句) 另外,在<span word="whoever">whoever</span>,<span word="whatever">whatever</span>,<span word="whenever">whenever</span>,<span word="wherever">wherever</span>中,-<span word="ever">ever</span>起强调作用,意为“究 竟、到底”。如: <span word="Wherever">Wherever</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="been">been</span>? 你究竟去了哪里? 三、<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>/<span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span>,<span word="because">because</span>,<span word="why">why</span>也可引导表语从句。如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>. 天好像要下雨。 <span word="That">That</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="enough">enough</span>. 那是因为他工作不够努力。 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="days">days</span>’ <span word="leave">leave</span>. 那就是为什么我请了三天假。 注意:<span word="because">because</span>引导的表语从句,主语不能是<span word="reason">reason</span>或<span word="cause">cause</span>,而且<span word="since">since</span>,<span word="as">as</span>不能 引导表语从句。 四、连词<span word="that">that</span>引导的同位语从句与关系代词<span word="that">that</span>引导的定语从句的区别 连词<span word="that">that</span>引导同位语从句时,应放在某些抽象名词之后,如<span word="news">news</span>,<span word="word">word</span>(消息), <span word="idea">idea</span>,<span word="fact">fact</span>,<span word="hope">hope</span>,<span word="desire">desire</span>,<span word="thought">thought</span>等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,连词<span word="that">that</span>只 起引导同位语从句的作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,因此<span word="that">that</span>引导的同位 语从句是完整的,不缺任何成分。 关系代词<span word="that">that</span>引导定语从句时,关系代词<span word="that">that</span>一方面起引导定语从句的作用, 另一方面在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。因此,<span word="that">that</span>引导的定语从 句是残缺的。如: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="match">match</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="encouraging">encouraging</span>.(同位语从 句,不缺任何成分) 我们的足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="news">news</span>(<span word="that">that</span>)<span word="we">we</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="radio">radio</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="true">true</span>.(定语从句,缺少宾语) 我们在收音机里听到的那个消息不是真的。 考点清单 知识清单 栏目索引 考点清单 知识清单 栏目索引 课标卷外研版 英语 语法专练四 名词性从句 高频考点一 连接代词引导的名词性从句 1.连接代词<span word="what">what</span>的用法 <span word="what">what</span>可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作主语、表语、 宾语或宾语补足语等。它引导名词性从句时有两个意思:一是表示“什 么”,带有疑问意味;二是表示“……所……的”,相当于一个先行词后接 一个关系代词。 考点清单 典例 (2017山东,7)<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="imagine">imagine</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="slaves">slaves</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="world">world</span>. 答案 <span word="what">what</span> 解析 句意:我们很难想象古代奴隶们的生活是什么样子的。根据分析 可知在该空引导的宾语从句中介词<span word="like">like</span>后面缺少宾语且设空处表示“事 物”,所以填<span word="what">what</span>,用来引导宾语从句。 <span word="whoever">whoever</span> 意为“无论谁”,相当于<span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="who">who</span>,可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,在名词性从句中作主语或宾语,无疑问的意思。如:<span word="Whoever">Whoever</span> (=<span word="Anyone">Anyone</span> <span word="who">who</span>) <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="punished">punished</span>. <span word="who">who</span> 可引导名词性从句,在句中作主语或宾语,意为“谁”,有疑问的意思。如:<span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span>. <span word="whatever">whatever</span> 意为“任何(事物),无论什么东西”,相当于<span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="that">that</span>,可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或定语,表示无范围的选择。如:<span word="One">One</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="stick">stick</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="begun">begun</span>. <span word="what">what</span> 可引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,表示无范围的选择。如:<span word="What">What</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="says">says</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="agree">agree</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="does">does</span>. 2.<span word="whoever">whoever</span>,<span word="whatever">whatever</span>,<span word="whomever">whomever</span>,<span word="whichever">whichever</span>与<span word="who">who</span>,<span word="what">what</span>,<span word="whom">whom</span>,<span word="which">which</span>的区别 <span word="whomever">whomever</span> 意为“任何人,无论是谁”,可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句,在名词性从句中作宾语。如:<span word="You">You</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="invite">invite</span> <span word="whomever">whomever</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span>. <span word="whom">whom</span> 可引导名词性从句,在从句中作宾语,意为“谁”。如:<span word="I">I</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="story">story</span> <span word="to">to</span>. <span word="whichever">whichever</span> 意为“无论哪个、哪些”,可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句。表示有范围的选择。如:<span word="Take">Take</span> <span word="whichever">whichever</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span>. <span word="which">which</span> 可引导名词性从句,意为“哪一个”,在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。表示有范围的选择。如:<span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="twins">twins</span>,<span word="so">so</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Lucy">Lucy</span>. 典例 (2017北京,33)<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="happening">happening</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="repeat">repeat</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span>. 答案 <span word="whatever">whatever</span> 解析 句意:一些人认为无论以前发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事 情都会在将来重复出现。通过分析可知“ <span word="has">has</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="happening">happening</span> <span word="now">now</span>”作<span word="believe">believe</span>后的宾语从句的主语,根据句意和成分分析,本空 应填<span word="whatever">whatever</span>(任何……的事情)来引导主语从句。 高频考点二 连接词引导的名词性从句 1.<span word="that">that</span>的用法 <span word="that">that</span>引导名词性从句只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担当任何成 分,本身也没有词义。引导单一的宾语从句时<span word="that">that</span>常可省略,但引导主语 从句、表语从句、 同位语从句时<span word="that">that</span>通常不被省略。 典例 (2017北京,33)<span word="Experts">Experts</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="waste">waste</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="shopping">shopping</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span>. 答案 <span word="that">that</span> 解析 句意:专家认为,人们可以通过只有需要(食物)时才购物这一方法 来减少更多食物的浪费。该从句为宾语从句。空格处引导的宾语从句的结构和意思都很完整,故用<span word="that">that</span>。 2.<span word="whether">whether</span>/<span word="if">if</span>的用法 连接词 <span word="whether">whether</span> 和<span word="if">if</span>表“是否”,引导名词性从句时在从句中不担当句子成 分,但有自己的意义。 在下列情况下只能用<span word="whether">whether</span>而不用<span word="if">if</span>: (1)在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中; (2)在介词后的宾语从句中; (3)与<span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span>连在一起使用时。 典例 (2017陕西,20)<span word="It">It</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="newly">newly</span> <span word="formed">formed</span> <span word="commit">commit</span>- <span word="tee">tee</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="practice">practice</span>. 答案 <span word="whether">whether</span> 解析 句意:新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。题干 中<span word="it">it</span>是形式主语,空格处引导主语从句,<span word="whether">whether</span>符合句意。 高频考点三 连接副词引导的名词性从句 连接副词 <span word="when">when</span>,<span word="where">where</span>,<span word="why">why</span>,<span word="how">how</span>引导名词性从句时在从句中作状语,有自 己的意义,去掉后从句的句子结构仍然完整。 典例 (2017重庆,12)—<span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Mike">Mike</span> <span word="refused">refused</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Yale">Yale</span> <span word="Univer">Univer</span>- <span word="sity">sity</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>? —<span word="Yeah">Yeah</span>,<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="it">it</span>;<span word="that">that</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="favorite">favorite</span> <span word="universi">universi</span>- <span word="ties">ties</span>. 答案 <span word="why">why</span> 解析 句意:——迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学给他的录取机会,这是真的吗? ——是的,但是我不知道他为什么会这样做,那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。根据句意填<span word="why">why</span>。<span word="why">why</span>引导同位语从句。 知识清单 名词性从句 一、名词性从句的结构和功能总述 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。名词性 从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句主要有四种从句结 构:以<span word="that">that</span>引导的从句;以<span word="whether">whether</span>/<span word="if">if</span>引导的从句;以特殊疑问词引导的从句; 以<span word="what">what</span>或<span word="wh">wh</span>-<span word="ever">ever</span>等连接代词引导的名词性关系从句。此外,<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>/<span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span> 也可引导表语从句。具体用法见下表: 知识清单 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 作及物动词 宾语 作介词宾语 <span word="that">that</span> 一般不省略 可以省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 <span word="whether">whether</span>/<span word="if">if</span> (是否) 放于句首时 只用<span word="whether">whether</span> 用<span word="whether">whether</span>/<span word="if">if</span> 均可,但有 区别 只用<span word="whether">whether</span> 只用<span word="whether">whether</span> 只用<span word="whether">whether</span> 特殊疑问词 注意语序要用陈述语序 名词性关系 从句 注意语序要用陈述语序 二、<span word="that">that</span> (一)主语从句 1.<span word="that">that</span>从句作主语时,常用<span word="it">it</span>作形式主语,常见的句型有: (1)<span word="It">It</span>+<span word="be">be</span>+形容词(<span word="obvious">obvious</span>,<span word="true">true</span>,<span word="natural">natural</span>,<span word="surprising">surprising</span>,<span word="good">good</span>,<span word="wonderful">wonderful</span>,<span word="funny">funny</span>,<span word="possi">possi</span>- <span word="ble">ble</span>,<span word="likely">likely</span>,<span word="certain">certain</span>,<span word="probable">probable</span>,<span word="etc">etc</span>.)+<span word="that">that</span> 从句。如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="exam">exam</span>. 可以肯定她会考得很好。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="probable">probable</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="everything">everything</span>. 很可能他把一切告诉了她。 (2)<span word="It">It</span>+<span word="be">be</span>+名词词组(<span word="no">no</span> <span word="wonder">wonder</span>,<span word="an">an</span> <span word="honor">honor</span>,<span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="thing">thing</span>,<span word="a">a</span> <span word="pity">pity</span>,<span word="no">no</span> <span word="surprise">surprise</span>,<span word="etc">etc</span>.)+<span word="that">that</span> 从句。如: <span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="surprise">surprise</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="game">game</span>. 我们队赢了比赛并不令人惊奇。 (3)<span word="It">It</span>+<span word="be">be</span>+过去分词(<span word="said">said</span>,<span word="reported">reported</span>,<span word="thought">thought</span>,<span word="expected">expected</span>,<span word="decided">decided</span>,<span word="announced">announced</span>,<span word="ar">ar</span>- <span word="ranged">ranged</span>,<span word="etc">etc</span>.)+<span word="that">that</span>从句。如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span>.<span word="Green">Green</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>. 据说格林先生已经到北京了。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="till">till</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="Monday">Monday</span>. 已经定下来了,会议推迟到了下周一。 2.在口语和非正式文体中,<span word="that">that</span>常可省略,尤其是在非常短的句子中,<span word="that">that</span>总是不必要的,但<span word="that">that</span>从句位于句首时,连词<span word="that">that</span>是不能省略的。如: <span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pity">pity</span>(<span word="that">that</span>)<span word="you">you</span>’<span word="re">re</span> <span word="leaving">leaving</span>.真遗憾你要走了。 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="invited">invited</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="concert">concert</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="evening">evening</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="us">us</span>. 我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会,这对我们来说是个好消息。 (二)宾语从句 1.常见的可以接<span word="that">that</span>从句作宾语的动词有<span word="see">see</span>,<span word="say">say</span>,<span word="know">know</span>,<span word="imagine">imagine</span>,<span word="discover">discover</span>,<span word="be">be</span>- <span word="lieve">lieve</span>,<span word="tell">tell</span>,<span word="show">show</span>,<span word="think">think</span>,<span word="consider">consider</span>等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如<span word="think">think</span>, <span word="make">make</span>,<span word="consider">consider</span>等,可以用<span word="it">it</span>作形式宾语。如: <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="know">know</span>(<span word="that">that</span>)<span word="he">he</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="joined">joined</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="army">army</span>? 你知道他参军了吗? <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="sure">sure</span>(<span word="that">that</span>)<span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="pass">pass</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exam">exam</span>. 我确信他会通过考试。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="highly">highly</span> <span word="probable">probable</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="dead">dead</span>. 我们认为他很可能已经死了。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="consider">consider</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="pronunciation">pronunciation</span>. 我们认为他有必要改进他的发音。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="in">in</span>. 他不会屈服的,这一点他已明确表示了。 2.<span word="that">that</span>从句一般不能充当介词宾语,偶尔可作<span word="except">except</span>,<span word="in">in</span>的宾语。如: <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="except">except</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="bit">bit</span> <span word="careless">careless</span>. </p>
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