【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 语法专练五 特殊句式
<p> 知识清单四 祈使句和感叹句 一、祈使句 1.否定式和强调式 <span word="Don">Don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="sure">sure</span>.别那么有把握。(否定式) <span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span>.请不要忘了吃药。(否定式) <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="evening">evening</span>.今晚务必准时到。(强调式) <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="careful">careful</span>!千万要小心!(强调式) 2.带主语的祈使句 (1)为了加强语气或要特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时,需加主语“<span word="you">you</span>”, 有时还可同时加称呼语。如: <span word="Tom">Tom</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="flowers">flowers</span>!汤姆,你浇花! (2)命令/吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时,祈使句需带主语“<span word="you">you</span>”,还可同时 带称呼语。如: <span word="You">You</span>,<span word="girls">girls</span>,<span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desks">desks</span>;<span word="you">you</span>,<span word="boys">boys</span>,<span word="sweep">sweep</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="floor">floor</span>. 你们,女生,擦桌子;你们,男生,打扫地板。 (3)在表达“不高兴,厌烦”等情绪时,可带主语“<span word="you">you</span>”。如:</p><p> <span word="You">You</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="business">business</span>!你少管闲事! (4)祈使句的主语除了用“<span word="you">you</span>”外,还可用“<span word="everybody">everybody</span>,<span word="everyone">everyone</span>,<span word="somebody">somebody</span>, <span word="someone">someone</span>”等,它们可以放在句末。如: <span word="Be">Be</span> <span word="quiet">quiet</span>,<span word="everyone">everyone</span>!大家静下来! 3.祈使句+<span word="and">and</span>+陈述句=<span word="If">If</span>...,+主句 祈使句+<span word="or">or</span>+陈述句=<span word="If">If</span>...<span word="not">not</span>...,+主句 如: <span word="Work">Work</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="succeed">succeed</span>.(=<span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="succeed">succeed</span>.)努力学 习,你就会成功。 <span word="Hurry">Hurry</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="late">late</span>.(=<span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="hurry">hurry</span> <span word="up">up</span>,<span word="we">we</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="late">late</span>.)快点儿, 否则我们就迟到了。 二、感叹句 1.基本构成形式 (1)<span word="What">What</span>(+<span word="a">a</span>/<span word="an">an</span>)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语! (2)<span word="How">How</span>+形容词+<span word="a">a</span>/<span word="an">an</span>+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! (3)<span word="How">How</span>+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! <span word="What">What</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="clever">clever</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span>! =<span word="How">How</span> <span word="clever">clever</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="is">is</span>! 多聪明的男孩儿啊! <span word="What">What</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="flowers">flowers</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="are">are</span>! =<span word="How">How</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="flowers">flowers</span> <span word="are">are</span>! 这些花多美啊! <span word="What">What</span> <span word="sweet">sweet</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span>!这水可真甜呀! <span word="How">How</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mountain">mountain</span> <span word="is">is</span>!这山真高呀! <span word="How">How</span> <span word="fast">fast</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="running">running</span>!他跑得真快! 2.省略形式的感叹句 (1)<span word="how">how</span>直接修饰谓语动词:<span word="How">How</span>+主语+谓语! <span word="How">How</span>(<span word="much">much</span>)<span word="we">we</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="motherland">motherland</span>! 我们多么热爱我们的祖国呀! (2)省略主语和谓语 <span word="How">How</span> <span word="wonderful">wonderful</span>(<span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span>)!真棒! 3.其他形式的感叹句 <span word="How">How</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="silly">silly</span>!你怎么这么傻! <span word="The">The</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="colours">colours</span>! 多美的图案和色彩! <span word="To">To</span> <span word="sell">sell</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="suit">suit</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="millionaire">millionaire</span>! 竟然要把这样一套衣服卖给一个百万富翁! 知识清单五 省略 一、定语从句中的省略现象 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词<span word="that">that</span>,<span word="which">which</span>,<span word="whom">whom</span>常可以省略。 二、状语从句中的省略现象 1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含<span word="be">be</span>动词时,可以省略状 语从句中的主语和<span word="be">be</span>动词,这时从句中可出现如下结构: (1)连词(<span word="as">as</span>,<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>,<span word="once">once</span>)+名词 <span word="Once">Once</span>(<span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span>)<span word="a">a</span> <span word="student">student</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>. 当他是个学生的时候,他学习非常用功。 (2)连词(<span word="though">though</span>,<span word="whether">whether</span>,<span word="when">when</span>)+形容词 <span word="Work">Work</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="when">when</span>(<span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span>)<span word="young">young</span>,<span word="or">or</span> <span word="you">you</span>’<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="regret">regret</span>. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。 (3)连词(<span word="whether">whether</span>,<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>,<span word="while">while</span>)+介词短语 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="everywhere">everywhere</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>(<span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span>)<span word="in">in</span> <span word="search">search</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="something">something</span>. 他四处张望,好像在找什么东西。 (4)连词(<span word="when">when</span>,<span word="while">while</span>,<span word="though">though</span>)+现在分词 <span word="While">While</span>(<span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span>)<span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="called">called</span>. 走在街上的时候,我听见有人叫我的名字。 (5)连词(<span word="when">when</span>,<span word="if">if</span>,<span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span>,<span word="unless">unless</span>,<span word="once">once</span>,<span word="than">than</span>,<span word="as">as</span>)+过去分词 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="exhibition">exhibition</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="than">than</span>(<span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span>)<span word="expected">expected</span>. 那个展览比预料的更有趣。 (6)连词(<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>,<span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span>)+不定式 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="opened">opened</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="lips">lips</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>(<span word="he">he</span> <span word="were">were</span>)<span word="to">to</span> <span word="speak">speak</span>. 他张了张嘴,好像要说话。 注意:当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,有时候也有这样的省略。如: <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="careful">careful</span> <span word="when">when</span>(<span word="she">she</span> <span word="was">was</span>)<span word="crossing">crossing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span>.她爸爸告诉 她过马路时要小心。 2.当从句中的主语是<span word="it">it</span>,谓语动词中又含有系动词<span word="be">be</span>时,可以把<span word="it">it</span>和系动词<span word="be">be</span> 一起省略。此时构成“连词(<span word="if">if</span>,<span word="unless">unless</span>,<span word="when">when</span>,<span word="whenever">whenever</span>等)+形容词”结构。 如: <span word="Unless">Unless</span>(<span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span>)<span word="necessary">necessary</span>,<span word="you">you</span>’<span word="d">d</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="refer">refer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dictionary">dictionary</span>. 如果没必要,你最好不要。 另外,我们还可以用<span word="so">so</span>或<span word="not">not</span>代替上文内容,此时可用“<span word="if">if</span>+<span word="so">so</span>/<span word="not">not</span>”省略句 式。如: <span word="Get">Get</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>.<span word="If">If</span> <span word="not">not</span>(<span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="early">early</span>),<span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="miss">miss</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>. 明天得早起。如果不早起,你就赶不上首班车。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="then">then</span>.<span word="If">If</span> <span word="so">so</span>(<span word="If">If</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span>),<span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="note">note</span>. 那时他可能不在家。如果不在家的话,给他留个便条。 三、不定式的省略 1.单独使用不定式符号<span word="to">to</span>,代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常用在<span word="be">be</span> <span word="afraid">afraid</span>,<span word="expect">expect</span>,<span word="forget">forget</span>,<span word="hope">hope</span>,<span word="intend">intend</span>,<span word="like">like</span>,<span word="love">love</span>,<span word="mean">mean</span>,<span word="prefer">prefer</span>,<span word="refuse">refuse</span>,<span word="seem">seem</span>,<span word="try">try</span>,<span word="want">want</span>, <span word="wish">wish</span>等后面。如: <span word="I">I</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span>,<span word="but">but</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span>. 我叫他看电影,但是他不想去。 2.不定式符号<span word="to">to</span>用在<span word="have">have</span>,<span word="need">need</span>,<span word="ought">ought</span>,<span word="be">be</span> <span word="going">going</span>,<span word="used">used</span>等后面。如: <span word="I">I</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="there">there</span>,<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span>. 我不想去那里,但不得不去。 3.不定式符号<span word="to">to</span>用在某些形容词,如<span word="glad">glad</span>,<span word="happy">happy</span>,<span word="pleased">pleased</span>,<span word="delighted">delighted</span>等后面。 如: —<span word="Will">Will</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="join">join</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="game">game</span>? —<span word="I">I</span>’<span word="d">d</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="glad">glad</span> <span word="to">to</span>. ——你愿意参加这个比赛吗? ——我很愿意。 4.否定形式的省略用<span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span>。如: —<span word="Shall">Shall</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="him">him</span>? —<span word="I">I</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span>. ——我可以代替他去吗? ——我宁可你不去。 5.如果不定式中含有<span word="be">be</span>,<span word="have">have</span>,<span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span>,通常保留<span word="be">be</span>,<span word="have">have</span>和<span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span>。如: —<span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sailor">sailor</span>? —<span word="No">No</span>,<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>. ——你是水手吗? ——不是,但我过去是。 —<span word="He">He</span> <span word="hasn">hasn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="yet">yet</span>. —<span word="Well">Well</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span>. ——他还没完成。 ——哦,他早该完成了。 知识清单六 <span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span>句型 一、<span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span>句型在英语中表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物”。 在这种结构中,<span word="there">there</span>是引导词,<span word="be">be</span>后面的名词是主语,句子的结尾是地点(时 间)状语。 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tall">tall</span> <span word="tree">tree</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="front">front</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span>. 教室前有棵大树。 二、如果有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语动词<span word="be">be</span>要采用就近一致原则。 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pen">pen</span>,<span word="two">two</span> <span word="books">books</span>,<span word="and">and</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="pencils">pencils</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>. 桌子上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。 三、<span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span>结构有不同时态的形式,而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。</p>
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