【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 语法专练六 非谓语动词
<p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="finished">finished</span>(=<span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="finished">finished</span>),<span word="we">we</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="holiday">holiday</span>. 考试结束了,我们开始放假。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="president">president</span> <span word="assassinated">assassinated</span>(=<span word="After">After</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="president">president</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="assassinated">assassinated</span>),<span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="deep">deep</span> <span word="sorrow">sorrow</span>. 总统被谋杀了,全国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。 <span word="Weather">Weather</span> <span word="permitting">permitting</span>(=<span word="If">If</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="permits">permits</span>),<span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. 如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="library">library</span>,<span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="arm">arm</span>. 他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆。 易混点总结 一、不定式、动名词和分词在句中所作成分的区别 1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。如: <span word="Smoking">Smoking</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="prohibited">prohibited</span> <span word="here">here</span>.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="smoke">smoke</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span>. 你吸这么多烟对身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验;不定式作主语通 常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。如: <span word="Climbing">Climbing</span> <span word="mountains">mountains</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span>. 爬山很有趣。(经验) <span word="To">To</span> <span word="lean">lean</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="window">window</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="dangerous">dangerous</span>. 把头伸出窗外是危险的。(未发生) (3)不定式作主语,一般用<span word="it">it</span>充当形式主语,而把作真正主语的不定式短语后 置。如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="finish">finish</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span>. 完成这项工作只花了我5分钟的时间。 (4)一般来说,可以用动名词的复合结构作主语,不用不定式的复合结构作主 语。如: 正:<span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="saying">saying</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="useful">useful</span>. 你那么说有用。 误:<span word="For">For</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 对我们而言,那么说对他没有用。 (5)动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主 语。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span> +<span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>. 如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="crying">crying</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="spilt">spilt</span> <span word="milk">milk</span>.覆水难收。 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。 <span word="Seeing">Seeing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="believing">believing</span>.(=<span word="To">To</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="believe">believe</span>.)眼见为实。 2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 ①不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。如: <span word="To">To</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="neither">neither</span>. 一次做两件事等于什么也没做。 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="once">once</span>. 我的建议是立刻开始工作。 ②如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也应是不定式(表示结果)。如: <span word="To">To</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="earn">earn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="living">living</span>.工作就是为了生活。 ③如果主语是以<span word="aim">aim</span>,<span word="duty">duty</span>,<span word="hope">hope</span>,<span word="idea">idea</span>,<span word="happiness">happiness</span>,<span word="job">job</span>,<span word="plan">plan</span>,<span word="problem">problem</span>,<span word="purpose">purpose</span>, <span word="thing">thing</span>,<span word="wish">wish</span>等为中心的名词,或是<span word="what">what</span>引导的名词性从句,则不定式作表语是 对主语起补充说明作用的。如: <span word="His">His</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="luxurious">luxurious</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span>. 他的希望是在将来买一辆豪华轿车。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="negotiate">negotiate</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plant">plant</span>. 最重要的事情是与他们商讨一下这个工厂的将来。 (2)动名词作表语 动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般性的行为,一般可以和主语互换位置,意义 不变。如: <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="serving">serving</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span>.我们的工作是为人民服务。 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="hobby">hobby</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="collecting">collecting</span> <span word="stamps">stamps</span>.他的爱好是集邮。 <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="washing">washing</span> <span word="clothes">clothes</span>.她的工作是洗衣服。 注意:动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其功能迥异: 现在分词作表语说明动作是由主语完成的;动名词作表语是用来说明主语 的性质或情况的。 (3)分词作表语 分词作表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词作表语,一种是过去分词作表语, 这两者的区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词, 如<span word="excite">excite</span>,<span word="interest">interest</span>等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”、“感兴趣”,而 是“使激动”、“使感兴趣”,因而现在分词应该意为“令人激动的”、 “令人感兴趣的”,过去分词意为“感到激动的”和“感兴趣的”。所以, 凡表示“令人……的”都用<span word="v">v</span>.-<span word="ing">ing</span>形式,凡是表示“感到……的”都用<span word="v">v</span>.-<span word="ed">ed</span> 形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是<span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="is">is</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="in">in</span>...,若人/物本身 令人感兴趣时,就是<span word="sb">sb</span>./<span word="sth">sth</span>.<span word="is">is</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span>。常见的这类词有: <span word="interesting">interesting</span>令人感兴趣的—<span word="interested">interested</span>感兴趣的 <span word="exciting">exciting</span>令人激动的—<span word="excited">excited</span>感到激动的 <span word="delighting">delighting</span>令人高兴的—<span word="delighted">delighted</span>感到高兴的 <span word="disappointing">disappointing</span>令人失望的—<span word="disappointed">disappointed</span>感到失望的 <span word="encouraging">encouraging</span>令人鼓舞的—<span word="encouraged">encouraged</span>感到鼓舞的 <span word="pleasing">pleasing</span>令人愉快的—<span word="pleased">pleased</span>感到愉快的 <span word="puzzling">puzzling</span>令人费解的—<span word="puzzled">puzzled</span>感到费解的 <span word="satisfying">satisfying</span>令人满意的—<span word="satisfied">satisfied</span>感到满意的 <span word="surprising">surprising</span>令人惊异的—<span word="surprised">surprised</span>感到惊异的 <span word="worrying">worrying</span>令人担心的—<span word="worried">worried</span>感到担心的 如: <span word="Travelling">Travelling</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="tiring">tiring</span>. 旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="pupils">pupils</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="confused">confused</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span>. 如果要学生学太多,他们会糊涂的。 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="convincing">convincing</span>. 他的论点是非常有说服力的。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="excited">excited</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>. 听到这个消息,他们非常激动。 3.动名词和不定式作定语的区别 动名词作定语置于被修饰的名词前,表示名词的用途;不定式作定语置于被 修饰的名词之后,表示尚未发生的事。如: <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fishing">fishing</span> <span word="net">net</span> 渔网;<span word="a">a</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="room">room</span> 阅览室 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="discussed">discussed</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="important">important</span>. 今天下午将要讨论的问题很重要。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="letters">letters</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span>.我有三封信要写。 4.分词与不定式作状语的区别 (1)现在分词与不定式都作结果状语时: ①现在分词作结果状语,表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词之后,与句子 的主语之间含有逻辑上的因果关系,往往带有必然性,它须放在句子之后, 用逗号隔开。如: <span word="But">But</span>,<span word="filled">filled</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="extraordinary">extraordinary</span> <span word="strength">strength</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="com">com</span>- <span word="pletely">pletely</span>,<span word="obliging">obliging</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="too">too</span>,<span word="or">or</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="supported">supported</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 可他一下子使出了非凡的力气,完全站了起来,我也不得不跟着站了起来, 否则就无法搀扶他了。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fish">fish</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="eat">eat</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span>,<span word="leaving">leaving</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bones">bones</span>.这种 鱼能在两分钟内吃掉一个人,只留下一堆骨头。 ②不定式作结果状语,位置也在句子之后,但不一定用逗号隔开。它往往表 示未曾料到的结果,尤其是不愉快的或出人意料的结果。如: <span word="We">We</span> <span word="hurried">hurried</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span>,<span word="only">only</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="left">left</span>. 我们急匆匆地赶到火车站,结果发现火车已经开走了。 ③在<span word="too">too</span>...<span word="to">to</span>,<span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span>,<span word="so">so</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span>这些固定搭配中,用不定式作结果状语。如: <span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="skate">skate</span> <span word="on">on</span>? 冰坚固到了可以在上面滑冰的程度了吗? <span word="Would">Would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="box">box</span> <span word="upstairs">upstairs</span>? 请帮我把这个箱子搬到楼上好吗? (2)作条件状语、原因状语和伴随(方式)状语,使用分词形式。但具体该使 用现在分词还是过去分词,应看句子的主语。作目的状语时,应使用不定 式。如: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="visiting">visiting</span> <span word="Minister">Minister</span> <span word="expressed">expressed</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="satisfaction">satisfaction</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="talk">talk</span>,<span word="adding">adding</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="enjoyed">enjoyed</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="here">here</span>. 来访部长表达了他对这次谈话的满意,还补充说他喜欢这次来访。 <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="received">received</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reply">reply</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="again">again</span>. 由于没有收到答复,他决定再写一封信。 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="heated">heated</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="temperature">temperature</span>,<span word="water">water</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="vapor">vapor</span>. 如果加热到一定的温度,水会变成水蒸气。</p>
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