【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 语法专练七 情态动词和虚拟语气
<p> ——你要来杰弗的聚会吗? ——我不确定。我可能要去音乐会。 (3)<span word="could">could</span>,<span word="might">might</span>并不一定与过去的时间有关,而表示可能性弱于它们相应的 现在时形式。如: <span word="This">This</span> <span word="may">may</span>/<span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 这件事有可能是他干的。(语气依次递减) (4)<span word="should">should</span>表推测时,表示确定或可能有的未来或期望,即合乎理想的情况或 结果。如: <span word="He">He</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span>/<span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="time">time</span>—<span word="he">he</span> <span word="started">started</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="enough">enough</span>. 他(应)该按时到这里——他出发得够早的了。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="arrive">arrive</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="dark">dark</span>. 我们按说能在天黑前到达。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="roads">roads</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="crowded">crowded</span> <span word="today">today</span>. 按说今天路上就不那么拥挤了。 三、表示请求、允许、允诺 1.当对方是决策者时,你代表你(们)自己(<span word="I">I</span>,<span word="we">we</span>),或代表第三者(<span word="he">he</span>,<span word="she">she</span>,<span word="they">they</span>)向 对方(<span word="you">you</span>)请示或提出建议时用:①<span word="Shall">Shall</span>/<span word="May">May</span>(<span word="Might">Might</span>)/<span word="Can">Can</span>(<span word="Could">Could</span>)<span word="I">I</span>/<span word="we">we</span>...?② <span word="Shall">Shall</span> <span word="he">he</span>/<span word="she">she</span>/<span word="they">they</span>...?③<span word="Would">Would</span>/<span word="Will">Will</span> <span word="you">you</span>...?如: <span word="Shall">Shall</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="driver">driver</span> <span word="wait">wait</span> <span word="outside">outside</span>? 司机在外边等着可以吗? <span word="When">When</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span>? 我父亲什么时候可以出院? <span word="Would">Would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="favor">favor</span>? 请帮我一下,好吗? 2.<span word="could">could</span>/<span word="might">might</span>/<span word="would">would</span>/<span word="should">should</span>表委婉的语气。如: —<span word="Could">Could</span>/<span word="Might">Might</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="bike">bike</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>? —<span word="Yes">Yes</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span>/<span word="may">may</span>.(否定:<span word="No">No</span>,<span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="afraid">afraid</span> <span word="not">not</span>.) ——明天早晨我用用你的自行车,行吗? ——行,你用吧。(否定:不,恐怕不行。) 不可以说:<span word="Yes">Yes</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="could">could</span>/<span word="might">might</span>.回答允许时,用<span word="could">could</span>/<span word="might">might</span>表委婉是不恰当的。</p><p> 3.<span word="shall">shall</span>与第二、三人称连用用于陈述句,表示说话者的命令,警告,威胁;当宣 布法律规定时,也用<span word="shall">shall</span>。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="once">once</span>,<span word="and">and</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="shall">shall</span>.(=<span word="I">I</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="once">once</span>.) 你马上离开这个房间,他也一样。(说话者的意志) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="announced">announced</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="candidates">candidates</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="seats">seats</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="papers">papers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="collected">collected</span>. 据宣布,在所有试卷收上来之前,应试者必须待在自己的座位上。(规则或 规定) 四、表示必要性 1.<span word="must">must</span> 常用来表示必要性,意为“必须”,<span word="must">must</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.(现在或将来)必须做 某事 2.<span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>./<span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>./<span word="needn">needn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.(现在或将来) 不必做某事 3.表示过去没必要做某事时,分为以下情况: (1)<span word="needn">needn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.本来不必做而做了某事 (2)<span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>./<span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>./<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.(过去)不必做(不强调是否做了)某事 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="needn">needn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="harmful">harmful</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="health">health</span>. 你昨晚本不必工作到那么晚。那对你的身体没好处。 —<span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>? —<span word="No">No</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="late">late</span>. ——你昨天晚上工作到很晚吗? ——不是很晚。我没必要工作到很晚。 4.<span word="should">should</span>也可以表示必要性,意为“(义务上)应该”。<span word="should">should</span>表示必要性时, 在语气上比<span word="must">must</span>(必须)弱。“<span word="should">should</span>+动词原形”表示现在或将来应该做 (的必要性);“<span word="should">should</span>+<span word="have">have</span>+过去分词”表示过去本该做(的必要性)。如: <span word="I">I</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>,<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wonder">wonder</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="free">free</span>. 今天下午我应该去看望他,但我不知道我是否有空。(表示将来的必要性) <span word="You">You</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conference">conference</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>.<span word="What">What</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="absence">absence</span>? 你昨天本应该参加那个会议。你缺席的原因是什么?(表示过去的必要性) 五、表示“宁愿做某事”时,可使用下面这些句式: 高考中对这类用法的考查主要侧重结构,因此要熟记其结构。 六、“情态动词+<span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span>”用法一览表 情态动词+完成式 用法 例句</p>
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