2016高考英语一轮复习：语法专项突破专题5课件
<p> 时态 注意事项 典句例示 一般过去时与现在完成时 1.一般过去时所表示的过去时间是具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连 2．现在完成时所表示的动作发生在以前的时间，并与现在情况有关，强调对现在造成的影响 ①<span word="He">He</span> <span word="served">served</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="army">army</span> <span word="from">from</span> 2007 <span word="to">to</span> 2010. (这是过去的事情) ②<span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="served">served</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="army">army</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="years">years</span>. (现在他仍在军中服役，他是个军人) 现在完成时与现在完成进行时 1.现在完成时强调过去某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响；现在完成进行时强调的是在一段时期内某项活动的持续性，强调的是动作本身 2．现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，现在完成时一般不表示重复性 ①<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="over">over</span>. 我已经考虑过这件事了。 ②<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="over">over</span>. 我一直在考虑这件事。 ③<span word="Have">Have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="recently">recently</span>? 你最近经常和他见面吗？ ④<span word="Have">Have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="recently">recently</span>? 你最近见到他了吗？ 三、被动语态的考查 1．被动语态的3个考查点。 (1)被动语态和系表结构的区别。 ①被动语态表示的是动作，句子中的主语是动作的对象，句中可以用介词“<span word="by">by</span>”引导的短语。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="writer">writer</span>. 这本书是一位年轻作家写的。(被动语态) ②系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，一般没有介词“<span word="by">by</span>”引导的短语。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="written">written</span>. 这本书写得很好。(系表结构) (2)主动结构表达被动意义。 ①可和<span word="well">well</span>，<span word="easily">easily</span>等副词连用的不及物动词，如<span word="sell">sell</span>，<span word="wash">wash</span>，<span word="write">write</span>，<span word="read">read</span>，<span word="clean">clean</span>，<span word="cook">cook</span>等。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="product">product</span> <span word="sells">sells</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 这种新产品很畅销。 ②连系动词<span word="taste">taste</span>，<span word="smell">smell</span>，<span word="sound">sound</span>，<span word="prove">prove</span>，<span word="feel">feel</span>，<span word="look">look</span>，<span word="become">become</span>，<span word="grow">grow</span>，<span word="turn">turn</span>，<span word="remain">remain</span>，<span word="stay">stay</span>，<span word="keep">keep</span>等。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="proved">proved</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="correct">correct</span>. 这个理论证明是正确的。 ③有些不及物动词和短语动词，如<span word="break">break</span> <span word="out">out</span>，<span word="add">add</span> <span word="up">up</span>，<span word="happen">happen</span>，<span word="occur">occur</span>，<span word="spread">spread</span>，<span word="take">take</span> <span word="place">place</span>，<span word="belong">belong</span> <span word="to">to</span>等本身就含有汉语译文中所表达的被动意义。 <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="hometown">hometown</span> <span word="since">since</span> 1978. 1978年以来我们家乡发生了巨大变化。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Second">Second</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="War">War</span> <span word="broke">broke</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="September">September</span> 1939. 1939年9月爆发了第二次世界大战。 ④某些动词(短语)和句型中：<span word="need">need</span>/<span word="want">want</span>/<span word="require">require</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.，<span word="be">be</span> <span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>，<span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="blame">blame</span>等。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="requires">requires</span>/<span word="wants">wants</span>/<span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="repairing">repairing</span>. 电脑需要修理了。 (3)被动结构表示主动含义。 <span word="get">get</span> <span word="married">married</span>结婚；<span word="be">be</span> <span word="addicted">addicted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.沉溺于；<span word="be">be</span> <span word="seated">seated</span>坐着；<span word="be">be</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="thought">thought</span>沉思着；<span word="be">be</span> <span word="devoted">devoted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.投身于，专注于；<span word="be">be</span></p>
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