谁抢走了你的工作:机器人还是全球化
<p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="mini">mini</span>-<span word="series">series</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="surveyed">surveyed</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="robots">robots</span>, <span word="automation">automation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span>-<span word="enhancing">enhancing</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="affecting">affecting</span> <span word="industries">industries</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="exotic">exotic</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="fiction">fiction</span> <span word="examples">examples</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="part">part</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="the">the</span> “<span word="Solow">Solow</span> <span word="paradox">paradox</span>” — <span word="the">the</span> <span word="strange">strange</span> <span word="combination">combination</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="breathless">breathless</span> <span word="innovation">innovation</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="stagnant">stagnant</span> <span word="labour">labour</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> (<span word="though">though</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="strange">strange</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="realise">realise</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="investment">investment</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="capital">capital</span> <span word="embodying">embodying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="technologies">technologies</span>).</p><p>在这几篇迷你系列文章的第一部分，我调查了现今机器人、自动化以及其他提高生产率的技术是如何影响经济核心产业以及一些更奇特的科幻小说例子。在第二部分，我考察了“索洛悖论”(<span word="Solow">Solow</span> <span word="paradox">paradox</span>)——令人喘不过气的创新与停滞不前的劳动生产率的奇怪组合（不过当你意识到并没有那么多体现新技术的投资时，这就没那么奇怪了）。</p><p><span word="Today">Today</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="greatest">greatest</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="consequence">consequence</span>. <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="stole">stole</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> — <span word="was">was</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="robots">robots</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="foreigners">foreigners</span>? <span word="Or">Or</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="tendentiously">tendentiously</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="falling">falling</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="liberalisation">liberalisation</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="automation">automation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span>-<span word="enhancing">enhancing</span> <span word="technological">technological</span> <span word="change">change</span>?</p><p>现在，我们把重点放在这带来的最大的政治影响上。谁偷走了工作——是机器人还是外国人？或者不那么带有倾向性地来看，富裕国家制造业就业数量不断下滑，是由贸易自由化或自动化和其他提高生产率的技术变革造成的吗？</p>
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