2017届高考英语二轮语法专题课件：专题12 定语从句
<p> 考点透析 知识清单 考点警示</p><p> 定语从句是高考语法填空题的高频考点之一，更是写作中必须的表达方式。做语法填空题时，首先看从句修饰的内容。当修饰的内容是名词或代词时，常常是定语从句来修饰，确定是定语从句后，再看定语从句中缺少什么成份，如果缺少主语、宾语时，则考虑用关系代词，缺少状语时，则考虑用关系副词。例如： 1．(2017·广东)<span word="Nick">Nick</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="guests">guests</span>，__20__ <span word="had">had</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="conversation">conversation</span>，<span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="salt">salt</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="cheaply">cheaply</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span>.此题中，设空从句修饰名词<span word="Nick">Nick</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="guests">guests</span>，在从句中作主语，指人，为非限制性定语从句，故答案为<span word="who">who</span>。</p><p> 2．(2017·广东)<span word="Of">Of</span> <span word="course">course</span> <span word="whenever">whenever</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="him">him</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Mary">Mary</span>，__22__ <span word="made">made</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="star">star</span>.</p><p> 此题中，设空处从句对前面内容补充说明，为非限制性定语从句，因在从句中作主语，故答案应为<span word="which">which</span>。 1．在限制性定语从句中<span word="which">which</span>，<span word="who">who</span>，<span word="whom">whom</span>都可用<span word="that">that</span>代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。 2．在非限制性定语从句中， 不能用<span word="that">that</span>引导，关系词不可省略。 3．以下情况一般用<span word="that">that</span>，不用<span word="which">which</span>引导定语从句。</p><p> (1)当先行词是指物的<span word="all">all</span>，<span word="little">little</span>，<span word="few">few</span>，<span word="much">much</span>，<span word="any">any</span>，<span word="anything">anything</span>，<span word="everything">everything</span>，<span word="nothing">nothing</span>，<span word="none">none</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span>时，或先行词被<span word="all">all</span>，<span word="little">little</span>，<span word="few">few</span>，<span word="much">much</span>，<span word="any">any</span>，<span word="every">every</span>，<span word="no">no</span>等修饰时。 (2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括<span word="last">last</span>，<span word="next">next</span>)、最高级形容词及<span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="very">very</span>等修饰时。 (3)先行词包括人和物时。 (4)当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因(且只能是<span word="reason">reason</span>)等，且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时，就分别用<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="where">where</span>，<span word="why">why</span>来引导定语从句。另外，<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="where">where</span>，<span word="why">why</span>一般可用“介词＋<span word="which">which</span>”替代，其中<span word="reason">reason</span>后的<span word="why">why</span>通常用<span word="for">for</span> <span word="which">which</span>替代。 特别提醒：①当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时，不一定填关系副词<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="where">where</span>，<span word="why">why</span>，只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时，才会用关系副词，否则要用关系代词。</p>
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