2017届高考英语二轮语法专题课件：专题8 动词的时态与语态
<p> 考点透析 知识清单 考点警示 动词的时态、语态是语法填空中必考内容之一，动词的各种时态形式都可能考到，不过最常考的是一般现在时态，一般过去时态，现在进行时态，以及一般将来时态，现在完成时态，同时还常与非谓语动词一起考查，做语法填空题时，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气(陈述语气还是虚拟语气)、主谓一致四个方面。 其次，在确定谓语动词的时态时，我们可从三个方面来进行判断： 1．看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。 2．在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时，要看上下文的谓语动词的形式。 3．看是否是特殊句型等。</p><p> 例如：(2017·广东)<span word="Suddenly">Suddenly</span>，<span word="he">he</span> 16.<span word="found">found</span> (<span word="find">find</span>) <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="salt">salt</span>.此题考查时态，因为是讲述的过去的故事，故应用过去时态。另外，在写作中要根据文章内容，恰当地使用各种时态，会使文章更鲜明、生动，更能体现一个考生的英语运用功底。 </p><p> 动词时态 用 法 典句例示 一般现在时<span word="do">do</span>/<span word="does">does</span> ①现在的状态 ②经常性或习惯性 ③客观真理 ④状语从句中 ①<span word="We">We</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span>. ②<span word="We">We</span> <span word="have">have</span> 3 <span word="classes">classes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="day">day</span>. ③<span word="The">The</span> <span word="sun">sun</span> <span word="rises">rises</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="west">west</span>. ④<span word="We">We</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="park">park</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="rains">rains</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. 一般过去时<span word="did">did</span> ①过去的动作或状态 ②过去经常性或习惯性动作 ③在状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时态 ①<span word="We">We</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. ②<span word="We">We</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="played">played</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="children">children</span>. ③<span word="He">He</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="novel">novel</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>. ④<span word="She">She</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="visited">visited</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="again">again</span>. 动词 时态 用 法 典句例示 一将将来时(将来发生的事情) <span word="will">will</span>/<span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="do">do</span> ①表示将来的动作或状态 ②表示一种趋向或习惯动作 ③表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。 ④<span word="will">will</span>在含有条件、时间状语从句的主句中表意愿。 ①<span word="I">I</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="swim">swim</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="fine">fine</span>. ②<span word="We">We</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="die">die</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="water">water</span>. ③<span word="My">My</span> <span word="grandmother">grandmother</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> 90 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="year">year</span>. ④<span word="She">She</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="her">her</span>. <span word="be">be</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> ①表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备； ②表将来，不能用在含有条件、时间状语从句的主句中。 ①<span word="I">I</span>'<span word="m">m</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. ②<span word="The">The</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="football">football</span>. <span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、职责、可能性等。 ①<span word="A">A</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="at">at</span> 3 <span word="o">o</span>'<span word="clock">clock</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>. ②<span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="police">police</span>.你应该报警的。(公务安排、义务、禁止) <span word="be">be</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> 表示“即刻，就要”，一般不跟时间状语或状语从句连用。 ①<span word="Autumn">Autumn</span> <span word="harvest">harvest</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="start">start</span>. ②<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>.他马上要去北京。 过去将来时 ①用<span word="would">would</span> <span word="do">do</span>，<span word="was">was</span>/<span word="were">were</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>表过去将来。 ②<span word="was">was</span>/<span word="were">were</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>和<span word="was">was</span>/<span word="were">were</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.表过去将来。 ③常用于宾语从句和间接引语中，表示过去将要发生的行为或存在的状态 ①<span word="I">I</span> <span word="knew">knew</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="agree">agree</span> ②<span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="us">us</span>. ③<span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="week">week</span>. ④<span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="in">in</span>. ⑤<span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="wait">wait</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="back">back</span>. 现在进行时<span word="be">be</span>＋<span word="doing">doing</span> ①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作。 ②表近期特定的安排或计划。 ③表示趋向行为的动词，如<span word="come">come</span>，<span word="go">go</span>，<span word="start">start</span>，<span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="leave">leave</span>等可用进行时的形式代替将来时。 ④与<span word="always">always</span>等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气。 ①<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>. ②<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span>.<span word="Wang">Wang</span> <span word="tonight">tonight</span>. ③<span word="The">The</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Day">Day</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="coming">coming</span>. ④<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="helping">helping</span> <span word="others">others</span>. 过去进行时<span word="was">was</span>/<span word="were">were</span>＋<span word="doing">doing</span> ①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生的动作。②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生。 ①<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="raining">raining</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span>. ②<span word="When">When</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mountain">mountain</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="sun">sun</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="shining">shining</span>. 现在完成时 <span word="have">have</span>/<span word="has">has</span>＋<span word="done">done</span> ①表示过去的动作对现在的影响。②表示某一动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，也可能继续持续下去。③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。 ①<span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span>.</p>
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