钱锺书翻译理论与实践——化境
<p>钱锺书学贯古今，被称为“文化昆仑”。其作品《林纾的翻译》比较全面地反映了钱钟书的翻译观，另有大量见地独到的论述翻译的片段，散落在《管锥编》、《谈艺录》等著述中。他所标举的“化境”说，更是在中国译界产生了深远影响。</p><p>钱锺书提出翻译的最高理想是“化境”。他认为：“文字翻译的最高理想可以说是‘化’。把作品从一国文字转变为另一国文字，既能不以语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原作的风格，那就算得入于‘化境’。”这表明翻译既要用译入语再现原语信息，又能完全保持原作的风味；既要在内容、形式等诸多方面忠实于原作，有要求译文自然流畅，不可生硬牵强。</p><p>例1、 <span word="One">One</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="lamed">lamed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="legs">legs</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="eyesight">eyesight</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="blind">blind</span> <span word="man">man</span>, <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lame">lame</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="shoulders">shoulders</span>, <span word="kept">kept</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="straight">straight</span> <span word="course">course</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="listening">listening</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="orders">orders</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="bitter">bitter</span>, <span word="all">all</span>-<span word="daring">daring</span> <span word="necessity">necessity</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="taught">taught</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="how">how</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="dividing">dividing</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="imperfections">imperfections</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="them">them</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="perfect">perfect</span> <span word="whole">whole</span>.</p><p>译文：一人腿脚不好，另一人眼睛不好。盲人背着瘸子，听着他指路。 但教他们如何通过分开他们之间的缺陷，组合为一个完美的整体却需要莫大勇气，因为这有点残忍。</p><p>钱译：一跛一盲，此负彼相，因难见巧，何缺成全。</p>
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