2017届高考英语（课标全国）一轮复习课件：语法突破 第2讲
<p> 二、人称代词</p><p> 数和格</p><p> 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="us">us</span> 第二人称 <span word="you">you</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="you">you</span> 第三人称 <span word="he">he</span>，<span word="she">she</span>，<span word="it">it</span> <span word="him">him</span>，<span word="her">her</span>，<span word="it">it</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="them">them</span> 1.人称代词有性、数、格和人称的变化。两个以上的人称代词并列使用时的排列顺序通常是：单数，按照2－3－1的顺序即<span word="you">you</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span>。复数，按照1－2－3的顺序即<span word="we">we</span>，<span word="you">you</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span>。 如果犯了错误，承担责任时说话者通常把第一人称放在前面。 —<span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="broke">broke</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="window">window</span>？谁打破了窗户？ —<span word="I">I</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Henry">Henry</span>.我和享利。 2．人称代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。主格形式在句中作主语、表语等成分，宾格形式在句中作宾语、同位语等，口语中也常用宾格形式作表语。如： <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="nice">nice</span> <span word="girl">girl</span>.她是一个好姑娘。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="him">him</span>.我们都喜欢他。 —<span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="it">it</span>？谁呀？ —<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="me">me</span>.是我。 3．在强调句中人称代词的使用应该根据人称代词具体作什么成分而定。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="airport">airport</span>.是我第一个到达飞机场的。(<span word="I">I</span>作主语) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="gate">gate</span>.我们在学校门口遇到的是他。(<span word="him">him</span>作宾语) 4．当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，可以用<span word="it">it</span>来表示。 <span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lovely">lovely</span> <span word="baby">baby</span>.<span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="girl">girl</span>？这孩子真可爱。是男孩还是女孩？ 三、物主代词</p><p> 词义 类型 我的 你的 他(她，它)的 我们的 你们的 他们的 形容词性 <span word="my">my</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="his">his</span>，<span word="her">her</span>，<span word="its">its</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="their">their</span> 名词性 <span word="mine">mine</span> <span word="yours">yours</span> <span word="his">his</span>，<span word="hers">hers</span>，<span word="its">its</span> <span word="ours">ours</span> <span word="yours">yours</span> <span word="theirs">theirs</span> 英语中的物主代词根据句法功能分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。前者只能在句中作定语，后者可以在句中作主语、宾语或表语。如： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="isn">isn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="ours">ours</span>.<span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="theirs">theirs</span>.这房间不是我们的，是他们的。 <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="brother">brother</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span>.她弟弟说她要出国。 <span word="My">My</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="repair">repair</span>.<span word="May">May</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="yours">yours</span>？我的车在修理中，我可以用你的吗？ 四、代词<span word="it">it</span>，<span word="one">one</span>，<span word="that">that</span>的用法 代词 用法 典句示例 <span word="it">it</span> 特指上文提到的同一个事物；复数形式为<span word="they">they</span>/<span word="them">them</span> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="watch">watch</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shop">shop</span>，<span word="so">so</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="her">her</span>. <span word="one">one</span> 指代可数名词，泛指人或物，代替上文已出现的同类，但非同一个名词，单数用<span word="one">one</span>，复数用<span word="ones">ones</span>。<span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span>表示特指，其复数为<span word="the">the</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>，有时可用<span word="those">those</span>来代替 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="haven">haven</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="computer">computer</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="year">year</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span>/<span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shelf">shelf</span>. 代词 用法 典句示例 <span word="that">that</span> 代替前面提到的同类但非同一个的可数名词单数或不可数名词，不能和冠词连用，其后总有修饰语，相当于“<span word="the">the</span>＋单数/不可数名词”，复数用<span word="those">those</span>。<span word="that">that</span>还可替代刚提到过或已完成的事情(<span word="this">this</span>指代即将发生或将要提到的事情) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="colder">colder</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Nanjing">Nanjing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="winter">winter</span>. 五、重要不定代词的用法 1．<span word="none">none</span>，<span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span>，<span word="neither">neither</span>，<span word="nothing">nothing</span>的用法 代词 用法 典句示例 <span word="none">none</span> 没人，没任何东西，既可指人又可指物。后可接<span word="of">of</span>短语，常用来回答<span word="how">how</span> <span word="many">many</span>/<span word="much">much</span>引导的问句。指三者或三者以上，谓语动词单复数皆可，在句中作主语或宾语 —<span word="How">How</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span>？ —<span word="None">None</span>. 代词 用法 典句示例 <span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span> 没有人，只指人，不能与<span word="of">of</span>连用，作主语时后跟单数谓语动词，可用来回答<span word="who">who</span>引导的问句 —<span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="question">question</span>？ —<span word="No">No</span> <span word="one">one</span>. <span word="neither">neither</span> 两个人或物中一个也不，两者都不，表示否定意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数 <span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="right">right</span>. <span word="nothing">nothing</span> 什么也没有，没有东西，表示泛指概念，常用来回答<span word="what">what</span>提问的句子。 <span word="Nothing">Nothing</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="stop">stop</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="marching">marching</span> <span word="forward">forward</span>. 2.<span word="another">another</span>，<span word="other">other</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span>，<span word="others">others</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="others">others</span>的用法 <span word="another">another</span> 任何一个，另一个 指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词。如：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="coat">coat</span>. <span word="Show">Show</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="another">another</span>，<span word="please">please</span>. <span word="other">other</span> 另外的 只作定语，常与复数名词连用；但如果前面有<span word="the">the</span>，<span word="this">this</span>，<span word="that">that</span>，<span word="some">some</span>，<span word="any">any</span>，<span word="each">each</span>，<span word="every">every</span>，<span word="no">no</span>，<span word="one">one</span>及<span word="my">my</span>，<span word="your">your</span>，<span word="his">his</span>等时，则可与单数名词连用。如：<span word="any">any</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="plant">plant</span>，<span word="every">every</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="day">day</span>。 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> 两者中的另一个 常与<span word="one">one</span>连用，构成：<span word="one">one</span>...<span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span>...(一个……另一个……)；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余全部的”。 <span word="others">others</span> 泛指别的人或物 是<span word="other">other</span>的复数形式，泛指别的人或物(但不是全部)，不能作定语，构成<span word="some">some</span>...<span word="others">others</span>...。 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="others">others</span> 特指某范围中其余的人或物 是<span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span>的复数形式，特指其余的人或物。 3.<span word="all">all</span>，<span word="both">both</span>，<span word="either">either</span>，<span word="each">each</span>，<span word="every">every</span>的用法 单词 词性 数量 意义和用法 典句示例 <span word="all">all</span> <span word="pron">pron</span>. 指三个或三个以上的人或物 作主语，指“所有的人”时，谓语为复数，指“所有的事”时，谓语为单数 (2)可以和<span word="of">of</span>短语连用 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="agreed">agreed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plan">plan</span>. <span word="both">both</span> <span word="pron">pron</span>. 指两个人或物 可以和<span word="of">of</span>短语连用 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="young">young</span>. <span word="either">either</span> <span word="pron">pron</span>. 两者中任何一个 还可用作副词，表示“也”，用在否定句结尾 <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="afraid">afraid</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="agree">agree</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="arrangement">arrangement</span>. 单词 词性 数量 意义和用法 典句示例 <span word="each">each</span> <span word="pron">pron</span>.& <span word="adj">adj</span>. 两者以上的每一个 (1)强调个体 (2)可以与<span word="of">of</span>短语连用 <span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="likes">likes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dislikes">dislikes</span>. <span word="every">every</span> <span word="adj">adj</span>. 三者或三者以上中的每一个 (1)强调整体 (2)不能与<span word="of">of</span>短语连用 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="succeed">succeed</span>. 特别提醒： 1.<span word="all">all</span>，<span word="both">both</span>，<span word="each">each</span>，<span word="every">every</span>以及由<span word="every">every</span>构成的不定代词，与<span word="not">not</span>连用都是部分否定。若要表示全部否定需要借助<span word="none">none</span>，<span word="neither">neither</span>，<span word="nothing">nothing</span>，<span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span>，<span word="nobody">nobody</span>和<span word="no">no</span>等不定代词。 2.<span word="every">every</span>还可表示“每(隔)……”。 <span word="every">every</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="days">days</span>每隔几天 <span word="every">every</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="days">days</span>(＝<span word="every">every</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="day">day</span>/<span word="every">every</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="day">day</span>)每两天 4.<span word="some">some</span>，<span word="any">any</span>，<span word="many">many</span>，<span word="much">much</span>，<span word="few">few</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span>，<span word="little">little</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>的用法 代词 词义 用法 典句示例 <span word="some">some</span> 一些 修饰可数或不可数名词，多用于肯定句 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="money">money</span>，<span word="please">please</span> <span word="lend">lend</span></p>
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