2017届高考英语（课标全国）一轮复习课件：语法突破 第1讲（名词）
<p> 复合词变复数以中心名词为主 <span word="film">film</span>－<span word="goer">goer</span>＋<span word="s">s</span>爱看电影的人；<span word="sister">sister</span>＋<span word="s">s</span>－<span word="in">in</span>－<span word="law">law</span>姑子，姨子，嫂子，弟媳；<span word="passer">passer</span>＋<span word="s">s</span>－<span word="by">by</span>过路人；<span word="grown">grown</span>－<span word="up">up</span>＋<span word="s">s</span>成年人 部分名词在固定词组中用复数 <span word="thanks">thanks</span> <span word="to">to</span>幸亏，由于；<span word="shake">shake</span> <span word="hands">hands</span> <span word="with">with</span>与……握手；<span word="make">make</span> <span word="preparations">preparations</span> <span word="for">for</span>为……作准备 单复数同形 <span word="deer">deer</span>鹿，<span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>中国人，<span word="sheep">sheep</span>羊，<span word="means">means</span>方法，<span word="series">series</span>系列，<span word="species">species</span>种类，<span word="aircraft">aircraft</span>飞机 复数形式单数概念 <span word="maths">maths</span>数学，<span word="politics">politics</span>政治，<span word="crossroads">crossroads</span>十字路口 两种复数形式 <span word="pennyabacus">pennyabacus</span></p><p> 算盘 改换字母 <span word="man">man</span>男人—<span word="men">men</span>；<span word="foot">foot</span>脚—<span word="feet">feet</span>；<span word="ox">ox</span>牛—<span word="oxen">oxen</span>；<span word="child">child</span>小孩—<span word="children">children</span>；<span word="mouse">mouse</span>老鼠—<span word="mice">mice</span>；<span word="tooth">tooth</span>牙齿—<span word="teeth">teeth</span> 二、可数名词变复数的特殊情况及示例 特别提醒： 1.有些可数名词虽是单数形式，但表示复数意义。此类名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 <span word="cattle">cattle</span>牛，<span word="people">people</span>人们，<span word="police">police</span>警察 【记忆口诀】警察(<span word="police">police</span>)和人们(<span word="people">people</span>)穿着衣裤(<span word="clothes">clothes</span>，<span word="trousers">trousers</span>)，戴着眼镜(<span word="glasses">glasses</span>)，拿着剪刀(<span word="scissors">scissors</span>)，追赶着牛(<span word="cattle">cattle</span>)。 2.一般而言，集合名词若表示一个整体，作单数用；若表示集体的各个成员，作复数用。 <span word="audience">audience</span>观众，<span word="class">class</span>班级，<span word="family">family</span>家庭，<span word="group">group</span>小组，<span word="committee">committee</span>委员会 【记忆口诀】船员(<span word="crew">crew</span>)、夫妻(<span word="couple">couple</span>)当观众(<span word="audience">audience</span>)，班队(<span word="class">class</span>，<span word="team">team</span>)组(<span word="group">group</span>)成大家庭(<span word="family">family</span>)。集合名词要当心，整体单数须分清。 <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="well">well</span><span word="known">known</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="region">region</span>.她家在该地区很出名。(强调整体) <span word="His">His</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="lovers">lovers</span>.他们一家人都是音乐爱好者。(具体成员) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="police">police</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="questioning">questioning</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span>.警察正在盘问房子里的每一个人。 3.专有名词一般没有复数形式，除非专有名词本身带有复数词缀。但专有名词有时可普通化、具体化。 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Newton">Newton</span>一个牛顿式的人物 <span word="two">two</span> <span word="Marys">Marys</span>两个玛丽 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Ford">Ford</span>一辆福特车</p>
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