2017届高考英语（课标全国）一轮复习课件：语法突破 第1讲（冠词）
<p> 2．具体用法 1 指一类人或事，相当于<span word="a">a</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="plane">plane</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="machine">machine</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="fly">fly</span>. 2 第一次提及某人或某物，非特指 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span>. 3 表示频率，表示“每一”的意义时，用在表时间、长度、重量等名词前。 <span word="People">People</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="meals">meals</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="day">day</span>. 4 用在“<span word="be">be</span>＋<span word="of">of</span>＋<span word="a">a</span>(<span word="n">n</span>)＋<span word="n">n</span>.”结构中，表示“相同的”，相当于<span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="age">age</span>. 5 用来表示不确定的某一个，相当于<span word="a">a</span> <span word="certain">certain</span>，<span word="some">some</span>。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="Lei">Lei</span> <span word="Feng">Feng</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="class">class</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Smith">Smith</span> <span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="you">you</span>. 6 表示数量“一”的概念，与<span word="one">one</span>相近，但不如<span word="one">one</span>语气强。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bike">bike</span>. <span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span>. 7 用在物质名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一场，一种”等。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="caught">caught</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>. <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="d">d</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="cream">cream</span>. 8 否定词与比较级连用，表达最高级，常和不定冠词连用。 —<span word="What">What</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span>？ —<span word="I">I</span>’<span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="worse">worse</span> <span word="one">one</span>. 9 具有动作意义的名词在与<span word="have">have</span>，<span word="take">take</span>，<span word="make">make</span>，<span word="give">give</span>等动词构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，此名词前须用不定冠词。 <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="look">look</span>/<span word="walk">walk</span>/<span word="break">break</span>/<span word="try">try</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="choice">choice</span>/<span word="decision">decision</span>/<span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="laugh">laugh</span>/<span word="whistle">whistle</span>/<span word="shout">shout</span> 10 <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span>，<span word="collection">collection</span>，<span word="understanding">understanding</span>等名词后加<span word="of">of</span>...时其前常用不定冠词<span word="a">a</span>/<span word="an">an</span>。 <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="collection">collection</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="stories">stories</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="French">French</span>. 11 不定冠词用于序数词前表示“又一，再一”，相当于<span word="another">another</span>。 <span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="chance">chance</span>，<span word="please">please</span>？ 12 “<span word="a">a</span> <span word="most">most</span>＋形容词＋名词”或“<span word="most">most</span>＋形容词”，<span word="most">most</span>在此不表示最高级含义，为“很，非常”的意思，相当于<span word="very">very</span>；而“<span word="the">the</span>＋<span word="most">most</span>＋多音节形容词(＋名词)”为多音节形容词的最高级形式，表示“最……”。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="film">film</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="seen">seen</span>. 13 不定冠词的使用与数的概念有关，如果两个名词共有一个不定冠词，那么这两个名词指同一个人或物。 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="poet">poet</span>. 14 固定词组中 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="couple">couple</span> <span word="of">of</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="bit">bit</span>，<span word="once">once</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="time">time</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hurry">hurry</span> 二、定冠词的用法 1 表示某一类人或物 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="horse">horse</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="animal">animal</span>. 2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="universe">universe</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="moon">moon</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Pacific">Pacific</span> <span word="Ocean">Ocean</span> 3 用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前，表示特指 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="taught">taught</span> 10 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>. 4 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 <span word="Would">Would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="opening">opening</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span>？ 5 用于乐器前面 <span word="play">play</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="violin">violin</span>，<span word="play">play</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="guitar">guitar</span> 6 用于形容词和分词前面，表示一类人 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rich">rich</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="living">living</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="wounded">wounded</span> 7 用在姓氏复数名词前表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩” <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Greens">Greens</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Wangs">Wangs</span> 8 用于序数词和形容词/副词比较级、最高级以及形容词<span word="very">very</span>，<span word="only">only</span>，<span word="same">same</span>前 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="That">That</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="for">for</span>. 9 用于国家、党派、江河湖海、山川群岛等专有名词前 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Communist">Communist</span> <span word="Party">Party</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="China">China</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="French">French</span> 10 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="compass">compass</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="invented">invented</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>. 11 世纪、年代前加<span word="the">the</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1990’<span word="s">s</span> 12 用于表示具体的地点、方位、时间或某天的一部分等的名词前。 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span>/<span word="south">south</span>/<span word="west">west</span>/<span word="north">north</span>在东/南/西/北方 <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span>/<span word="left">left</span>在右/左边 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>/<span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>在早上/在下午 13 在“动词(<span word="take">take</span>/<span word="catch">catch</span>/<span word="pat">pat</span>/<span word="hit">hit</span>/...)＋<span word="sb">sb</span>.＋介词(<span word="by">by</span>/<span word="in">in</span>/<span word="on">on</span>)＋<span word="the">the</span>＋名词(身体某一部位)”结构中，名词前要用定冠词<span word="the">the</span>，而不用物主代词。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>.</p>
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