2017届高考英语（课标全国）一轮复习课件：写作提升 第4讲
<p> 2.谓语 谓语表述主语的动作或状态，一般位于主语之后，由动词或动词短语充当。英语中动词一共分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词，实义动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。实义动词可以单独作谓语，其他种类的动词都不能单独作谓语，连系动词需要和表语构成谓语，情态动词和助动词需要和实义动词或连系动词一起构成谓语。如： <span word="Later">Later</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="appeared">appeared</span>.随后，陆地上出现了动物。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ticket">ticket</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="discount">discount</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="rode">rode</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="underground">underground</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="times">times</span>. 我买了一张打折票，坐了三次地铁。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="scene">scene</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="real">real</span>.场面看起来很真实。 3．表语 表语表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。表语位于系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词、从句等均可用作表语。如： <span word="My">My</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Jane">Jane</span>.<span word="My">My</span> <span word="ideal">ideal</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="is">is</span></p><p> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="journalist">journalist</span>. 我的名字叫简。我理想的工作是当一名记者。 <span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="speakers">speakers</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="knowledgeable">knowledgeable</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Internet">Internet</span>. 双方辩友看起来对互联网都很有见识。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="here">here</span>.全班都在这。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="story">story</span> <span word="goes">goes</span>.事情的经过就是这样的。 4．宾语 宾语是动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词之后。名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等均可用作宾语。如： <span word="We">We</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="homework">homework</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="enjoy">enjoy</span> <span word="helping">helping</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span>. 我们经常一起做作业，乐于彼此帮忙。 <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="tried">tried</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="paper">paper</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="plants">plants</span>. 我尝试了，但是没能用这些植物造成纸。 特别提醒：①直接宾语与间接宾语：直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，多指物；间接宾语指动作所向者，多指人。间接宾语通常置于直接宾语之前，若放在直接宾语之后，一般须加介词<span word="to">to</span>或<span word="for">for</span>。能带这种双宾语的及物动词有：<span word="answer">answer</span>，<span word="bring">bring</span>，<span word="buy">buy</span>，<span word="do">do</span>，<span word="fetch">fetch</span>，<span word="find">find</span>，<span word="get">get</span>，<span word="give">give</span>，<span word="hand">hand</span>，<span word="keep">keep</span>，<span word="leave">leave</span>，<span word="lend">lend</span>，<span word="make">make</span>，<span word="offer">offer</span>，<span word="owe">owe</span>，<span word="pass">pass</span>，<span word="pay">pay</span>，<span word="play">play</span>，<span word="promise">promise</span>，<span word="read">read</span>，<span word="refuse">refuse</span>，<span word="save">save</span>，<span word="sell">sell</span>，<span word="send">send</span>，<span word="show">show</span>，<span word="sing">sing</span>，<span word="take">take</span>，<span word="teach">teach</span>，<span word="tell">tell</span>，<span word="throw">throw</span>，<span word="wish">wish</span>，<span word="write">write</span>等。如： <span word="My">My</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="computer">computer</span>./<span word="My">My</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="me">me</span>.,我父母给我买了一台电脑。,<span word="He">He</span> <span word="sent">sent</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="birthday">birthday</span> <span word="gift">gift</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>./<span word="He">He</span> <span word="sent">sent</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="birthday">birthday</span> <span word="gift">gift</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>.,他昨天给我寄了一份生日礼物。 ②<span word="it">it</span>作形式宾语：<span word="think">think</span>，<span word="find">find</span>，<span word="make">make</span>，<span word="take">take</span>，<span word="consider">consider</span>，<span word="feel">feel</span>等动词后可接<span word="it">it</span>作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语之后。如： <span word="I">I</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="clubs">clubs</span>.,美国学生有这么多社团，我觉得很有趣。 5．补足语 补足语有宾语补足语和主语补足语两种。它是补充说明宾语或主语的一种句子成分。 (1)宾语补足语 可由名词、形容词、数词、不定式、分词、介词短语等充当。如： <span word="They">They</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="prince">prince</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="gymnasts">gymnasts</span>. 他们称他为体操王子。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ruins">ruins</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span>. 我们发现废墟极其有趣。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="invite">invite</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="day">day</span>. 我们邀请您届时带上亲朋好友。 <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="spoken">spoken</span> <span word="English">English</span>. 我从未听到这个词用在英语口语中。</p>
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