2017届高考英语（课标全国）一轮复习课件：语法突破 第9讲
<p> 考点 关系词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 典句示例 关系代词与关系副词的判定 4.如何选择关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。若及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词作宾语；而不及物动词则不可带宾语，故用关系副词。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主语、宾语、表语、状语)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 5.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 (1)<span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span>＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数动词 (2)<span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span>＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数动词 <span word="Titanic">Titanic</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="wonderful">wonderful</span> <span word="movies">movies</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Hollywood">Hollywood</span>. <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="isn">isn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boys">boys</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exam">exam</span>. ＝<span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boys">boys</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exam">exam</span>. 注意：<span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span>...＝<span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span>... 几组关系代词的区别 用<span word="that">that</span>不用<span word="which">which</span> 先行词是<span word="all">all</span>，<span word="much">much</span>，<span word="little">little</span>，<span word="few">few</span>，<span word="some">some</span>，<span word="something">something</span>，<span word="everything">everything</span>，<span word="anything">anything</span>，<span word="nothing">nothing</span>，<span word="none">none</span>等不定代词时 <span word="Anything">Anything</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="burn">burn</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="source">source</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="heat">heat</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>. <span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="ready">ready</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="everything">everything</span>(<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="we">we</span> <span word="need">need</span>. 先行词被<span word="every">every</span>，<span word="all">all</span>，<span word="some">some</span>，<span word="much">much</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span>，<span word="any">any</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="few">few</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="very">very</span>，<span word="no">no</span>，<span word="little">little</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span>等修饰时 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="book">book</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="for">for</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="money">money</span>. 先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="film">film</span>(<span word="that">that</span>)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="seen">seen</span>. 先行词即指人又指物时 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="talked">talked</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="persons">persons</span>(<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="they">they</span> <span word="remembered">remembered</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="school">school</span>. 当主句的主语是疑问词<span word="who">who</span>或<span word="which">which</span>时 <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bike">bike</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="you">you</span> <span word="lost">lost</span>？ 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时 <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>. 几组关系代词的区别 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>...<span word="as">as</span>与 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>...<span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>...<span word="as">as</span>...表示相似的东西 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>...<span word="that">that</span>...表示同一人或物 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="knife">knife</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="lost">lost</span>. 这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。(相似的一个) <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="knife">knife</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="lost">lost</span>. 这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。(同一个) <span word="such">such</span>/<span word="so">so</span>...<span word="as">as</span>与 <span word="such">such</span>/<span word="so">so</span>...<span word="that">that</span> <span word="such">such</span>/<span word="so">so</span>...<span word="as">as</span>(定语从句)像……那样 <span word="such">such</span>/<span word="so">so</span>...<span word="that">that</span>(状语从句)如此……以至于 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="answer">answer</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 几组关系代词的区别 <span word="as">as</span>与<span word="which">which</span> 1.<span word="as">as</span>引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。<span word="which">which</span>引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。 2.<span word="as">as</span>意为“正如……，正像……”，后面的谓语动词多是<span word="see">see</span>，<span word="know">know</span>，<span word="expect">expect</span>，<span word="say">say</span>，<span word="mention">mention</span>，<span word="report">report</span>等；<span word="which">which</span>意为“这一点”。 另外，<span word="as">as</span>多用于下列习惯用语中： <span word="as">as</span> <span word="anybody">anybody</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="happens">happens</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="mentioned">mentioned</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="Avatar">Avatar</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="successful">successful</span> <span word="film">film</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="all">all</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="know">know</span>，<span word="Taiwan">Taiwan</span> <span word="belongs">belongs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="China">China</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="sports">sports</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="off">off</span>，<span word="which">which</span> <span word="astonished">astonished</span> <span word="us">us</span>. 介词＋关系代词(不可用<span word="that">that</span>，<span word="who">who</span>加介词) 名(代)词＋介词＋关系代词(一般作主语) <span word="I">I</span> <span word="picked">picked</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="apples">apples</span>，<span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="bad">bad</span>. 数词或形容词最高级＋<span word="of">of</span>＋关系代词(一般作主语) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="cousins">cousins</span>，<span word="three">three</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="clever">clever</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="cousins">cousins</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="youngest">youngest</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="clever">clever</span>. 介词＋关系代词(一般作状语) <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="learned">learned</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>. 介词短语＋关系代词(一般作状语) <span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span>，<span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="succeeded">succeeded</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="operation">operation</span>. 介词＋<span word="which">which</span>＋名词(一般在句中作状语) <span word="She">She</span> <span word="suffered">suffered</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="illness">illness</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="husband">husband</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="home">home</span>. 介词＋<span word="whose">whose</span>＋名词(一般作状语) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pictures">pictures</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="stolen">stolen</span>. <span word="from">from</span> <span word="where">where</span>为“介词＋关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”中的介词可根据先行词或定语从句中的动词短语进行判断 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="hid">hid</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span>，<span word="from">from</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="photo">photo</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>.(<span word="from">from</span> <span word="where">where</span>指<span word="from">from</span> <span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span>) 特殊定语从句 分裂式定语从句(先行词与关系代(副)词分隔) <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="invited">invited</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="ball">ball</span>. 插入式定语从句(关系代词与从句中插入一个句子) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="discovery">discovery</span>，<span word="which">which</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="science">science</span>. 省略式定语从句(介词＋关系代词＋不定式) <span word="I">I</span> <span word="intend">intend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Frenchman">Frenchman</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="French">French</span>. 定语从句与其他从句(句型)的区别 类别 区别 例句 定语 从句与并列句 并列句有<span word="and">and</span>，<span word="but">but</span>，<span word="so">so</span>等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接。并列句中绝对不可再用引导定语从句的关系词。 ①<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="cars">cars</span>，<span word="none">none</span> <span word="of">of</span> ______ <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="condition">condition</span>. ②<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="cars">cars</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="none">none</span> <span word="of">of</span> ______ <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="condition">condition</span>. 句①中<span word="cars">cars</span>后面是非限制性定语从句，空格中填关系代词<span word="which">which</span>； 句②中有并列连词<span word="but">but</span>，题干是并列句，空格中填代词<span word="them">them</span>。 类别 区别 例句 定语从 句与状 语从句 定语从句修饰、限定先行词，常放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，可以放在主句的前面。 <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="over">over</span>？(<span word="when">when</span> 引导定语从句) <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="over">over</span>，<span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="o">o</span>’<span word="clook">clook</span>.(<span word="when">when</span>引导时间状语从句) <span word="when">when</span>，<span word="where">where</span>和<span word="why">why</span>在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋<span word="which">which</span>”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时不行。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="where">where</span> (＝<span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span>)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="worked">worked</span>.(<span word="where">where</span>引导定语从句) <span word="Put">Put</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span>.(<span word="where">where</span>引导状语从句) 定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="like">like</span>.(<span word="as">as</span>引导定语从句，作动词<span word="like">like</span>的宾语) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="it">it</span>.(<span word="that">that</span>引导结果状语从句，不充当句子成分) 类别 区别 例句 定语从句 与同位语 从句 定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容，与前面名词之间是同位关系。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="game">game</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="school">school</span>.(同位语从句，解释消息的内容) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="news">news</span>(<span word="that">that</span>)<span word="you">you</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="disappointing">disappointing</span>.(定语从句起限制作用，表明昨天告诉的，而不是别的时间) 定语从句 与强调句 强调句的结构为“<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span>＋被强调部分＋<span word="that">that</span>＋从句”。当被强调部分是人时，可用<span word="who">who</span>代替<span word="that">that</span>。强调其他成分时一律用<span word="that">that</span>，绝不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用<span word="when">when</span>或<span word="where">where</span>代替<span word="that">that</span>。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1949 <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="PRC">PRC</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="founded">founded</span>.(强调句) <span word="I">I</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="her">her</span>.(<span word="when">when</span>引导定语从句) 谢谢观看！ 第九讲</p>
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