2017届高考英语（课标全国）一轮复习课件：语法突破 第7讲
<p> 情态动词 主要用法 典句示例 <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> 表示“必须；不得不” <span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="dark">dark</span>.<span word="We">We</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="now">now</span>. <span word="shall">shall</span> 用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见和向对方请示 <span word="Shall">Shall</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sports">sports</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="week">week</span>？ 用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；此外，当颁布法律、规定时也用<span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="You">You</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="announced">announced</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="candidates">candidates</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="seats">seats</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="papers">papers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="collected">collected</span>. 情态动词 主要用法 典句示例 <span word="should">should</span> 表示劝告和建议，作“应该，应当”讲 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="polite">polite</span>. 表示推测，意为“按理说，应该，应该会” <span word="It">It</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="movie">movie</span>—<span word="its">its</span> <span word="reviews">reviews</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="good">good</span>. 用在<span word="if">if</span>条件句中，表示可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="phone">phone</span>，<span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="conference">conference</span>. (与疑问词连用，表示意外，纳闷，惊讶等)到底……，究竟是…… (用于表示感情，意志等句中的<span word="that">that</span>从句)竟然……，居然…… <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="him">him</span>？<span word="He">He</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="me">me</span>. <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="surprised">surprised</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="way">way</span>. <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="glad">glad</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="story">story</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="prize">prize</span>. 情态动词 主要用法 典句示例 <span word="will">will</span>/ <span word="would">would</span> 用于表示意志或意愿 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="girlfriend">girlfriend</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="wants">wants</span>. 表示请求，建议。用<span word="would">would</span>比<span word="will">will</span>委婉、客气些 <span word="Would">Would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="party">party</span>？ 表示习惯：<span word="will">will</span>可表示主语现在的习惯，常译为“总是，习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作时用<span word="would">would</span> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="sit">sit</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="young">young</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="listen">listen</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="alone">alone</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="room">room</span>. 表示预料或猜想 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="postman">postman</span> <span word="ringing">ringing</span>. 表示事物的某种性质或倾向 <span word="Wood">Wood</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="float">float</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="water">water</span>. 情态动词 主要用法 典句示例 <span word="need">need</span> 表示需要；必要。用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中 —<span word="Need">Need</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="test">test</span>？ —<span word="No">No</span>，<span word="we">we</span> <span word="needn">needn</span>’<span word="t">t</span>. <span word="dare">dare</span> 意为“敢；敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句。<span word="I">I</span> <span word="dare">dare</span> <span word="say">say</span>是习惯说法，意为“我想，大概” <span word="How">How</span> <span word="dare">dare</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="that">that</span>？ <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> 表示义务、忠告等，意为“应当，应该” <span word="The">The</span> <span word="dish">dish</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="delicious">delicious</span>.<span word="You">You</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="some">some</span>. 表示推测、可能性，意为“应该” <span word="He">He</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="evening">evening</span>. 特别提醒： 1.表示经过努力而成功地做成某件具体事情时，一般用<span word="was">was</span>/<span word="were">were</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span>，不用<span word="could">could</span>。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="fire">fire</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hotel">hotel</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="out">out</span>. 尽管大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了出去。 2.<span word="can">can</span>的一些常用固定搭配： <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>./<span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>./<span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.表示“不得不，只好”。 <span word="cannot">cannot</span>/<span word="can">can</span> <span word="never">never</span>...<span word="enough">enough</span>/<span word="too">too</span>再……也不为过，越……越……。 3.<span word="may">may</span>的一些常用固定搭配： <span word="may">may</span> <span word="well">well</span>＋动词原形意为“完全能，很可能”，<span word="may">may</span>/<span word="might">might</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span>＋动词原形意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”。 4.<span word="must">must</span>开头的问句，其否定回答用<span word="needn">needn</span>’<span word="t">t</span>或<span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span>代替。 5.<span word="mustn">mustn</span>’<span word="t">t</span>表示“禁止、不许做某事”。 二、表示推测的情态动词用法比较一览表 情态动词 适用句式 适用时态 意义 典句示例 <span word="must">must</span> 肯定句 一般时、进行时、完成时 一定、肯定 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="hungry">hungry</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="walk">walk</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sleeping">sleeping</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dormitory">dormitory</span>. <span word="can">can</span>(<span word="could">could</span>) 疑问句，否定句 一般时、进行时、完成时 可能，能够 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="can">can</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="now">now</span>. <span word="Can">Can</span>/<span word="Could">Could</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="excuse">excuse</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="that">that</span>？ 情态动词 适用句式 适用时态 意义 典句示例 <span word="may">may</span> (<span word="might">might</span>) 肯定句，否定句 一般时、进行时、完成时 也许，可能 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="happy">happy</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="basketball">basketball</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="playground">playground</span>. <span word="should">should</span>(<span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span>) 肯定句 一般时 待，“应该” <span word="He">He</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="sixty">sixty</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="old">old</span>.(确定) <span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> <span word="seven">seven</span> <span word="o">o</span>’<span word="clock">clock</span>，<span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moment">moment</span>.(期待) <span word="will">will</span>(<span word="would">would</span>) 肯定句、否定句、疑问句 一般时、进行时、完成时 大概 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="forgotten">forgotten</span> <span word="me">me</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="him">him</span> 18 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="home">home</span>. 三、“情态动词＋<span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span>”用法 类型 构成 主要用法 句式 典句示例 对过去 的推测 <span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事” 肯定句 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bed">bed</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>.<span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="red">red</span>. <span word="can">can</span>/<span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> 表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定 否定句、疑问句 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="forgotten">forgotten</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="may">may</span>/<span word="might">might</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> 表示对过去已发生的行为的推测，意为“也许/或许/已经(没有)……” 肯定句、否定句 <span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="late">late</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bed">bed</span>. 类型 构成 主要用法 句式 典句示例 表示后 悔、责备 或遗憾 <span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> 表示虚拟意味，意为“本来能够(可以)……”(但实际并没有做) 肯定句 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="accident">accident</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="avoided">avoided</span>. <span word="might">might</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> 表示本来应该或可以做某事，含有轻微的责备语气 肯定句 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="help">help</span>，<span word="though">though</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="busy">busy</span>. <span word="should">should</span>/<span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> 表示本该做某事而实际上未做，否定形式表示做了本不应该做的事 肯定句、否定句 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="late">late</span>.<span word="You">You</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span>. <span word="You">You</span> <span word="shouldn">shouldn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>. 类型 构成 主要用法 句式 典句示例 表示后 悔、责备 或遗憾 <span word="needn">needn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> 表示做了本来不必做的事 否定句 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="needn">needn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="wine">wine</span>—<span word="only">only</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="came">came</span>. <span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> 用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事” 肯定句、否定句 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="started">started</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span>. <span word="You">You</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="scolded">scolded</span> <span word="her">her</span>. <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> 表示“宁愿当时做了某事”(但事实上过去并未做) 肯定句、否定句 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="advice">advice</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span>. <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span>“本愿意做而没做” <span word="would">would</span> <span word="like">like</span>/<span word="love">love</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.过去愿意做但未做成 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="came">came</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="extra">extra</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="finish">finish</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="report">report</span>. 特别提醒： <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>表示过去不必做，也没做某事 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="only">only</span> 5 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span>.</p>
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