（通用版）2017届高考英语一轮语法填空和短文改错专题复习课件：第5讲 形容词和副词
<p> （4）比较等级常见错误：①修饰词出现错误：<span word="more">more</span>不可修饰比较级，但可以用<span word="much">much</span>来加强比较级，意为“……得多，更……”。②使用比较级时比较的对象要一致：相同的对象可以比较，不同的对象不能进行比较。③在语法填空和短文改错中对比较级的考查更倾向于从“语句的深层意义”中体会出来而不是从“结构”中看出来，因此在解题时需要跟进语境判断题干中是否暗含比较含义，并且仔细判断是两者之间还是两者以上的比较。如： ♦ <span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="noisy">noisy</span> <span word="here">here</span>.<span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="somewhere">somewhere</span> <span word="quieter">quieter</span>？ 这里太吵闹了。我们能不能去个安静点儿的地方？ ♦ <span word="His">His</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="course">course</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="latest">latest</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="reading">reading</span>.他的第一本书对我们学习课程很有用，但他最新的那本更值得一读。 3.倍数句型。 (1)<span word="A">A</span> <span word="is">is</span>＋倍数＋比较级＋<span word="than">than</span>＋<span word="B">B</span> (2)<span word="A">A</span> <span word="is">is</span>＋倍数＋<span word="as">as</span>＋原级＋<span word="as">as</span>＋<span word="B">B</span> (3)<span word="A">A</span> <span word="is">is</span>＋倍数＋<span word="the">the</span>＋名词(<span word="size">size</span>，<span word="length">length</span>，<span word="height">height</span>等)＋<span word="of">of</span>＋<span word="B">B</span> (4)<span word="A">A</span> <span word="is">is</span>＋倍数＋<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="those">those</span> <span word="of">of</span>＋<span word="B">B</span> (5)<span word="A">A</span> <span word="is">is</span>＋倍数＋<span word="what">what</span>引导的名词性从句 ♦ <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="reported">reported</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="consumes">consumes</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Africa">Africa</span>.据报道，美国消耗的能源是整个非洲的四倍。 ♦ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="geography">geography</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="tells">tells</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="size">size</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="USA">USA</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="as">as</span>/<span word="the">the</span> <span word="size">size</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="USA">USA</span>.地理老师告诉我们，中国在面积上与美国几乎一样大，但是人口却是美国的六倍。 ♦ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="output">output</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> 2015.＝<span word="The">The</span> <span word="output">output</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2015.今年的产量是2015年的三倍。 [即时训练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．<span word="It">It</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="suggestion">suggestion</span>.<span word="But">But</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="a">a</span> ____________(<span word="good">good</span>)<span word="one">one</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="forward">forward</span>，<span word="we">we</span>’<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 解析：句意：它或许不是一个好建议，但在有更好的建议之前，我们先凑合一下。此处暗含比较，表示“一条更好的建议”。 <span word="better">better</span> 2．(2016·安徽江南十校联考改编)—<span word="I">I</span> <span word="watched">watched</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="mentioned">mentioned</span>. —<span word="Isn">Isn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="cool">cool</span>? —<span word="Absolutely">Absolutely</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="can">can</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="much">much</span> ____________(<span word="good">good</span>)． 解析：句意：——我看你提及的那部电影了。——你不觉得很棒吗？——绝对是，没有比这更好的了。本题考查“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级。也可根据设空处前有<span word="much">much</span>修饰可知，应用形容词的比较级形式。 <span word="better">better</span> 3．<span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="joy">joy</span>，<span word="Jane">Jane</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="no">no</span> ____________ (<span word="bad">bad</span>) <span word="than">than</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span>. 解析：句意：汤姆的计算机学得很好，使我高兴的是，简做得和他一样好。“<span word="no">no</span>＋比较级＋<span word="than">than</span>”是固定搭配，意为“和……一样不”。本句中有<span word="no">no</span>，所以填<span word="worse">worse</span>成为双重否定，意为“和……一样好”。 <span word="worse">worse</span> Ⅱ.单句改错 1．<span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="plant">plant</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="twice">twice</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span>. ____________________________________________________ 解析：本题考查倍数表达法。 句意：据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。根据倍数表达法：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="is">is</span>＋倍数＋比较级＋<span word="than">than</span>＋<span word="B">B</span>或<span word="A">A</span> <span word="is">is</span>＋倍数＋<span word="as">as</span>＋原级＋<span word="as">as</span>＋<span word="B">B</span>。所以本题需将<span word="much">much</span>改为<span word="as">as</span>。 <span word="much">much</span>—<span word="as">as</span> 2．<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="online">online</span> <span word="shopping">shopping</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="convenient">convenient</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="cheap">cheap</span>. ____________________________________________________ 解析：句意：有些人认为网购更方便，商品更便宜。根据前面的“<span word="more">more</span> <span word="convenient">convenient</span>”可知此处应用比较级形式。 <span word="cheap">cheap</span>—<span word="cheaper">cheaper</span> 形容词和副词的词形变化及词性转换是形容词和副词的考查热点。如果用来修饰名词或在系动词后作表语，应用形容词形式；如果用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，则应用副词形式。正确分析句子结构，判断设空处在句中所作的句子成分，并牢记转换形容词和副词的规则及构词法，是解答此类题目的关键。 形容词和副词的词性转换 1．常见的形容词后缀。 (1)<span word="able">able</span>: <span word="reasonable">reasonable</span>，<span word="comfortable">comfortable</span>，<span word="enjoyable">enjoyable</span>，<span word="suitable">suitable</span>，<span word="adjustable">adjustable</span>； (2)<span word="al">al</span>: <span word="natural">natural</span>，<span word="additional">additional</span>，<span word="educational">educational</span>，<span word="traditional">traditional</span>，<span word="national">national</span>； (3)<span word="ant">ant</span> /<span word="ent">ent</span>: <span word="significant">significant</span>，<span word="important">important</span>，<span word="excellent">excellent</span>，<span word="different">different</span>，<span word="convenient">convenient</span>； (4)<span word="ish">ish</span>：<span word="foolish">foolish</span>，<span word="selfish">selfish</span>，<span word="childish">childish</span>； (5)<span word="ive">ive</span>：<span word="active">active</span>，<span word="impressive">impressive</span>，<span word="decisive">decisive</span>，<span word="attractive">attractive</span>，<span word="effective">effective</span>，<span word="instructive">instructive</span>； (6)<span word="ly">ly</span>：<span word="manly">manly</span>，<span word="scholarly">scholarly</span>，<span word="friendly">friendly</span>，<span word="lively">lively</span>，<span word="deadly">deadly</span>； (7)<span word="ful">ful</span>：<span word="beautiful">beautiful</span>，<span word="wonderful">wonderful</span>，<span word="helpful">helpful</span>，<span word="useful">useful</span>，<span word="successful">successful</span>，<span word="meaningful">meaningful</span>，<span word="thankful">thankful</span>，<span word="powerful">powerful</span>； (8)<span word="ous">ous</span>：<span word="dangerous">dangerous</span>，<span word="generous">generous</span>，<span word="courageous">courageous</span>，<span word="various">various</span>； (9)<span word="less">less</span>：<span word="endless">endless</span>，<span word="aimless">aimless</span>，<span word="powerless">powerless</span>； (10)<span word="y">y</span>：<span word="sunny">sunny</span>，<span word="windy">windy</span>，<span word="funny">funny</span>，<span word="cloudy">cloudy</span>，<span word="rainy">rainy</span>，<span word="healthy">healthy</span>，<span word="wealthy">wealthy</span>； (11)<span word="d">d</span>/<span word="ed">ed</span>：<span word="united">united</span>，<span word="organized">organized</span>，<span word="closed">closed</span>，<span word="wounded">wounded</span>，<span word="developed">developed</span>，<span word="appreciated">appreciated</span>，<span word="used">used</span>，<span word="crowded">crowded</span>，<span word="polluted">polluted</span>，<span word="worried">worried</span>，<span word="married">married</span>，<span word="terrified">terrified</span>，<span word="satisfied">satisfied</span>； (12)<span word="ing">ing</span>：<span word="developing">developing</span>，<span word="living">living</span>，<span word="sleeping">sleeping</span>. 2．形容词转换为副词的变化规则。 情况 变化规则 例词 一般情况 以<span word="y">y</span>结尾的形容词 辅音字母＋<span word="e">e</span>结尾的形容词 在词尾加<span word="ly">ly</span> <span word="kind">kind</span>—<span word="kindly">kindly</span></p>
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