2017届高考英语一轮语法专题复习学案：第3部分 专题4 特殊句式（新人教版）
<p> ◆主谓一致的核心考点</p><p> 1．就近一致原则</p><p> (1)由<span word="or">or</span>，<span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span>...<span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span>...，<span word="neither">neither</span>...<span word="nor">nor</span>...，<span word="either">either</span>...<span word="or">or</span>...，<span word="whether">whether</span>...<span word="or">or</span>...，<span word="not">not</span>...<span word="but">but</span>...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。</p><p> <span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="persuade">persuade</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="mind">mind</span>.</p><p> (2)<span word="here">here</span>/<span word="there">there</span>引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。</p><p> <span word="Here">Here</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ruler">ruler</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="pencils">pencils</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="copybooks">copybooks</span>.</p><p> 2．意义一致原则</p><p> (1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况</p><p> ①表示学科的名词以及<span word="works">works</span>(工厂)，<span word="news">news</span>(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。</p><p> <span word="Politics">Politics</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="favorite">favorite</span> <span word="subject">subject</span>.</p><p> ②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。</p><p> <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="Nations">Nations</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span>?</p><p> (2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况</p><p> 表示总称意义的名词，如<span word="people">people</span>，<span word="police">police</span>，<span word="public">public</span>，<span word="cattle">cattle</span>等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="police">police</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="searching">searching</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="murderer">murderer</span>.</p>
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