《红楼梦》中的习语翻译比较
<p>一、成语</p><p>例1、黛玉纳罕道：“这些人个个皆敛声屏气，恭肃严整如此，这来者系谁，这样放诞无礼？”</p><p>霍译：“<span word="Everyone">Everyone</span> <span word="else">else</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="bated">bated</span> <span word="breath">breath</span>”, <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="Dai">Dai</span>-<span word="yu">yu</span>. “<span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="arrival">arrival</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="brash">brash</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="unmannerly">unmannerly</span>?”</p><p>杨译：<span word="Daiyu">Daiyu</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="surprise">surprise</span>, “ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="respectful">respectful</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="solemn">solemn</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="holding">holding</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="breath">breath</span>. <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="be">be</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="boisterous">boisterous</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pert">pert</span>?”</p><p>解析：“敛声屏气”原意是抑制呼吸和声音，文中指贾府的人在贾母面前谨慎小心的样子。霍译用“<span word="with">with</span> <span word="bated">bated</span> <span word="breath">breath</span>”,杨译用“<span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="one">one</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="peace">peace</span>”，虽然二者使用了不同的英语习语，但其意义和用法与“敛声屏气”十分吻合。</p><p>例2、宝玉听了，如醍醐灌顶。</p><p>霍译：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="scriptures">scriptures</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="revelation">revelation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Buddha">Buddha</span> - <span word="truth">truth</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> “ <span word="like">like</span> <span word="ghee">ghee</span> <span word="poured">poured</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="head">head</span>”. <span word="Bao">Bao</span>-<span word="yu">yu</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="listened">listened</span> <span word="to">to</span>.</p><p>杨译： <span word="Baoyu">Baoyu</span> <span word="felt">felt</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="Buddha">Buddha</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="suddenly">suddenly</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="light">light</span>.</p><p>解析：“醍醐灌顶”是一个具有宗教色彩的成语，比喻听了高明的意见使人受到很大启发。霍译版本进行补充解释，而杨译版本简洁明了，但都增加了“<span word="Buddha">Buddha</span>”一词凸显了本词所具有的宗教色彩。</p><p>二、谚语</p><p>谚语是对各种生活现象进行综合概括并在群众中广泛流传运用的语言。谚语大多是人生经验，用浅显直白的话反映出深刻的道理。</p>
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