2016届高考英语二轮题型专题方略课件：专题4 语法填空和短文改错 第3讲 语法专题 4 动词的时态、语态和语气（通用版）
<p> 易错警示 当<span word="suggest">suggest</span>作“暗示，表明”，<span word="insist">insist</span>作“坚持认为”时，从句要用陈述语气。 ♦ <span word="His">His</span> <span word="silence">silence</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="agreed">agreed</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="decision">decision</span>.他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。 ♦ <span word="He">He</span> <span word="insisted">insisted</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="hadn">hadn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="stolen">stolen</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="money">money</span>.他坚持说他没有偷过钱。 2．在“<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span> ＋<span word="adj">adj</span>./<span word="done">done</span>＋ <span word="that">that</span>...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用(<span word="should">should</span>)＋动词原形。常见的形容词或过去分词有：<span word="important">important</span>，<span word="necessary">necessary</span>，<span word="strange">strange</span>，<span word="suggested">suggested</span>，<span word="ordered">ordered</span>，<span word="advised">advised</span>，<span word="requested">requested</span>，<span word="demanded">demanded</span> 等。 ♦ <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> (<span word="should">should</span>) <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>.我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。 ♦ <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="students">students</span> (<span word="should">should</span>) <span word="take">take</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>.中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。 3．<span word="wish">wish</span>后的宾语从句中的谓语可用一般过去时、<span word="had">had</span>＋过去分词和<span word="could">could</span>/<span word="might">might</span>/<span word="would">would</span>＋动词原形，分别表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反。 ♦(2015·高考天津卷)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="sister">sister</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="wedding">wedding</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="Tuesday">Tuesday</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="trip">trip</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span> <span word="then">then</span>.我多么希望上周二我参加了我妹妹的婚礼，但是我当时在纽约出差。 ♦ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="borrowed">borrowed</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="week">week</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>.我希望你明天把你上周从我这儿借的书还给我。 4．<span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span>所接的宾语从句中，从句的谓语如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生过的动作，从句用过去完成时。 ♦ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>.我宁愿你明天来看我。 ♦ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="hadn">hadn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>.我宁可你没有告诉我实情。 (二)其他句型中的虚拟语气 1．<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>/<span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span> 引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中，从句中用一般过去时表示与现在的事实相反的情况，用<span word="had">had</span>＋过去分词表示与过去的事实相反的情况，用<span word="would">would</span>/<span word="could">could</span>/<span word="might">might</span>＋动词原形表示与将来的事实相反的情况。 ♦ <span word="Don">Don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="handle">handle</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="vase">vase</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="steel">steel</span>.不要这么拿着这个花瓶，就好像它是钢制成似的。 ♦ <span word="He">He</span> <span word="stood">stood</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="offered">offered</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="seat">seat</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="mind">mind</span>.他站起来主动给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。 易错警示 当句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。 2．<span word="if">if</span> <span word="only">only</span>引导的感叹句或条件句中，从句中用一般过去时表示与现在的事实相反的情况，用“<span word="had">had</span>＋过去分词”表示与过去的事实相反的情况，用“<span word="would">would</span>/<span word="could">could</span>/<span word="might">might</span>＋动词原形”表示与将来的事实相反的情况。 ♦ <span word="Look">Look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trouble">trouble</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="in">in</span>.<span word="If">If</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="advice">advice</span>！看看我们所处的困境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！ ♦ <span word="If">If</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="languages">languages</span>.我要是能说几门外语就好了。 3．在“<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> (<span word="high">high</span>)<span word="time">time</span> ＋(<span word="that">that</span>)．..”句型中，谓语动词用过去式或“<span word="should">should</span>＋动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。 ♦ <span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="talker">talker</span>.<span word="It">It</span>’ <span word="s">s</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="talking">talking</span>.杰克总是夸夸其谈，他该做点事了，而不是仅仅空谈。 [即时训练]</p>
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