2016届高考英语二轮题型专题方略课件：专题4 语法填空和短文改错 第3讲 语法专题 6 情态动词（通用版）
<p> 栏目导引 高频考 点突破 专题针 对训练 课堂达 标训练 专题四 语法填空和短文改错 六、情态动词 专题四 语法填空和短文改错 [命题分析] 情态动词用来表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，在情景交际和虚拟语气中得到广泛使用。在语法填空题和短文改错题中，对情态动词的考查涉及较少，但是情态动词为中学英语考试大纲要求内容，并且是高考内容中的难点之一。其主要考点主要集中在情态动词的基本意义及“情态动词＋<span word="have">have</span></p><p> <span word="done">done</span>”结构的用法。 专题四 语法填空和短文改错 情 态 动 词 的 基 本 用 法 1．<span word="can">can</span>和<span word="could">could</span>的用法。 (1)表示“能力”，意为“能，会”。 ♦(2017·高考全国大纲卷)<span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="bargains">bargains</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="London">London</span>，<span word="it">it</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cheap">cheap</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="shop">shop</span>.虽然你在伦敦能找到便宜货，但那通常不是一个购物便宜的地方。 (2)表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时候可能会”，用于肯定句。 ♦<span word="Anyone">Anyone</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rough">rough</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="time">time</span>，<span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> “<span word="Bai">Bai</span> <span word="Fumei">Fumei</span>” <span word="or">or</span> “<span word="Gao">Gao</span> <span word="Fushuai">Fushuai</span>.”每个人都可能会有坎坷的时候，不管是“白富美”还是“高富帅”。 (3)表示礼貌地请求，意为“能，可以”。在疑问句中<span word="could">could</span>可代替<span word="can">can</span>，语气更委婉。 ♦(2017·高考北京卷) <span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="you">you</span>? <span word="It">It</span> <span word="won">won</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="long">long</span>.我能和你说句话吗？不会花费太长时间的。 (4) <span word="cannot">cannot</span>...<span word="too">too</span>/<span word="enough">enough</span>表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好……”。 ♦<span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="thank">thank</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="home">home</span>.我非常感谢你，在我们不在家时帮助我的儿子。 2．<span word="may">may</span>和<span word="might">might</span>的用法。 (1) 表示许可和请求，在疑问句中<span word="might">might</span>比<span word="may">may</span>的语气更委 婉。 ♦—<span word="May">May</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="out">out</span>? 我可以将这本书带出去吗？ —<span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="afraid">afraid</span> <span word="not">not</span>.恐怕不行。 (2) <span word="may">may</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span>＋动词原形“最好；倒不如……” ♦<span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="beef">beef</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="high">high</span>，<span word="you">you</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="pork">pork</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="you">you</span>. 如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。 3．<span word="must">must</span>的用法。 (1)表必要性，意为“必须”。其中<span word="mustn">mustn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> 意为“禁止”。 ♦(2015·高考北京卷)—<span word="Can">Can</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="longer">longer</span>? 你不能再多待会儿吗？ —<span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="late">late</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="now">now</span>.<span word="My">My</span> <span word="daughter">daughter</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="alone">alone</span>.很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。 ♦<span word="The">The</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="states">states</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="mustn">mustn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="drive">drive</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="drinking">drinking</span> <span word="alcohol">alcohol</span>.新法律规定人们酒后禁止开车。 (2)表示偏执，固执，意为“非得，偏要”。 ♦—<span word="Must">Must</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="violin">violin</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="midnight">midnight</span>? <span word="It">It</span> <span word="disturbs">disturbs</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="neighbours">neighbours</span>！你偏要在半夜拉小提琴吗？这太打扰邻居们 了！ —<span word="Sorry">Sorry</span>，<span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="absorbed">absorbed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="forgot">forgot</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>.对不 起，我太沉浸其中了，都忘记时间了。 4．<span word="shall">shall</span>的用法。 (1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 ♦—<span word="The">The</span> <span word="deadline">deadline</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="drawing">drawing</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="challenge">challenge</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="time">time</span>.截止日期就要临近了，但我挑战那项任务又失败 了。 —<span word="Shall">Shall</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="brother">brother</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="try">try</span>? 让我的弟弟试试好吗？ (2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命 令、警告、允诺或威胁。 ♦—<span word="Will">Will</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="story">story</span>，<span word="Mummy">Mummy</span>? 妈妈，给我讲个故事 好吗？ —<span word="OK">OK</span>.<span word="You">You</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bed">bed</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>. 好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。 5．<span word="should">should</span> 的用法。 (1)表示劝告和建议，意为“应该”。 ♦<span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="university">university</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="dreaming">dreaming</span> <span word="about">about</span>.我认为你不应该放弃你一直以来梦想的上大学的机会。 (2)表示推测、可能性、或预期，意为“应该；可能”。 ♦<span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="preparations">preparations</span>，<span word="there">there</span> <span word="shouldn">shouldn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="passing">passing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="interview">interview</span>.既然你做了充分的准备，通过这次工作面试应该没有问题。 (3)用于表示感情或意志等的<span word="that">that</span>从句中，意为“竟然……；居然……”。 ♦(2017·高考江苏卷)<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="sad">sad</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span>，<span word="so">so</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span>，<span word="should">should</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="food">food</span>.他们自己那么穷，竟然给我带来了食物，这让我(感动得)心里不好受。 6．<span word="will">will</span>和<span word="would">would</span>的用法。 (1)表示意志或意愿。<span word="will">will</span>指现在，<span word="would">would</span>指过去。 ♦<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="again">again</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="again">again</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stop">stop</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="listen">listen</span>.我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。 ♦<span word="Days">Days</span> <span word="later">later</span>，<span word="my">my</span> <span word="brother">brother</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="right">right</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="wouldn">wouldn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span>.几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都 好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。 (2)表示习惯性动作，意为“总是”，<span word="will">will</span>指现在，<span word="would">would</span>指过 去。 ♦(2017·高考四川卷)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="happy">happy</span> <span word="childhood">childhood</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Disneyland">Disneyland</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="weekends">weekends</span>.我仍旧记 得快乐的童年，那时我妈妈经常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。 (3)表示功能，意为“能，行”。 ♦<span word="The">The</span> <span word="door">door</span> <span word="wouldn">wouldn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="open">open</span>，<span word="no">no</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="pushed">pushed</span>.无论她怎么努力去推，这扇门就是打不开。 7．<span word="need">need</span> 的用法。 <span word="need">need</span> 表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，<span word="needn">needn</span>’<span word="t">t</span>表示“不必”。<span word="need">need</span> 作实义动词时，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，有人称、数和时态的变化；其后可接名词、代词、带<span word="to">to</span>的不定式或动名词作宾语。 ♦<span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="warm">warm</span> <span word="here">here</span>；<span word="we">we</span> <span word="needn">needn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heating">heating</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="yet">yet</span>.这儿很暖和，我们还没有必要开暖气。 ♦—<span word="Need">Need</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wait">wait</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="here">here</span>? 我需要在这儿等你吗？ —<span word="Yes">Yes</span>，<span word="you">you</span> <span word="must">must</span>./ <span word="No">No</span>，<span word="you">you</span> <span word="needn">needn</span>’<span word="t">t</span>.是的，你必须。/ 不，你不需要。 8．<span word="dare">dare</span>的用法。 <span word="dare">dare</span>意为“敢，敢于”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，后接动词原形。作实义动词时，在肯定句中通常接带<span word="to">to</span>的不定式，在疑问句和否定句 中，<span word="dare">dare</span>之后的不定式可省略。 ♦<span word="How">How</span> <span word="dare">dare</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="parents">parents</span>’ <span word="permission">permission</span>? 在没有征得你父母的同意的情况下你怎么敢离开 家？ ♦<span word="She">She</span> <span word="daren">daren</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="say">say</span> (＝<span word="doesn">doesn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="dare">dare</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span>) <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="it">it</span>.她对此什么也不敢说。 易错警示 情态动词表示推测的误用 高考对情态动词表示推测的考查基本集中在<span word="must">must</span>，<span word="may">may</span>， <span word="might">might</span>，<span word="can">can</span>和<span word="could">could</span>的用法上。<span word="must">must</span>只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”。<span word="can">can</span>/<span word="could">could</span>用于疑问句中，意为“可能”； 用于否定句中，意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。<span word="may">may</span>/<span word="might">might</span>用于肯定句表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于 否定句中意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。 此外要切记：对现在和将来的推测用“情态动词＋动词原 形”；对正在发生的动作的推测用“情态动词＋ <span word="be">be</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>”；对过去的推测用“情态动词＋<span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span>”。 ♦(2017·高考江西卷)<span word="Life">Life</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="unpredictable">unpredictable</span>；<span word="even">even</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="poorest">poorest</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="richest">richest</span>.生活是不可预料的，甚至最贫穷的可能变成最富有的。 ♦—<span word="Look">Look</span>! <span word="There">There</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="head">head</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>.看！我们班主任来 了。 —<span word="That">That</span> <span word="can">can</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="him">him</span>.<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Indonesia">Indonesia</span>.那一定不是他。他现在在印尼。 ♦<span word="You">You</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="hungry">hungry</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="walk">walk</span>.走了这么远，你一定 饿了。 [即时训练]</p>
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