2016届高考英语二轮语法专项复习课件：专题2 代词与语篇衔接（新人教版）
<p> 一 二 三 四 代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词。代词在语篇中的作用非常重要,它是基于语篇层次上的一个语法范畴。语篇的连贯依靠衔接关系来建立,而代词在语篇中的上下文照应关系是语篇衔接的最重要手段之一。 二 三 四 一 一、误用与漏用 代词要和所指代的名词在性、数、人称上保持一致。有些动词有特殊用法,其后需要接物主代词或反身代词,此时不能漏用。 1.物主代词 英语中的物主代词根据句法功能分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。前者只能在句中作定语,后者可以在句中作主语、宾语或表语等。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="isn">isn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="ours">ours</span>.<span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="theirs">theirs</span>. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="repair">repair</span>.<span word="May">May</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="yours">yours</span>? 注意:名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 <span word="Look">Look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="pencils">pencils</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="red">red</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="yours">yours</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="blue">blue</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="mine">mine</span>. =<span word="Look">Look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="pencils">pencils</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="red">red</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="pencil">pencil</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="blue">blue</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="pencil">pencil</span>. 二 三 四 一 2.物主代词的漏用 有些在英语中必须要用的物主代词在汉语中往往无须表达,注意此时不要漏掉英语中的物主代词。如: 她做晚饭时弄伤了手指。 误:<span word="She">She</span> <span word="cut">cut</span> <span word="finger">finger</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="cooking">cooking</span> <span word="supper">supper</span>.正:<span word="She">She</span> <span word="cut">cut</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="finger">finger</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="cooking">cooking</span> <span word="supper">supper</span>. (3)有无物主代词意思的区别 有些表达用不用物主代词都可以,但是意思不一样,此时注意不要受相似结构和短语的影响而用错物主代词。如: 不管你做什么你都不要灰心。 误:<span word="Don">Don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="lose">lose</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="do">do</span>.正:<span word="Don">Don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="lose">lose</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="do">do</span>. <span word="lose">lose</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> 与 <span word="lose">lose</span> <span word="one">one</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="heart">heart</span>仅差一个物主代词,意思截然不同:前者意为“灰心、泄气”;后者意为“爱上、钟情于”。 二 三 四 一 二、反身代词 1.作动词的宾语 常跟在<span word="enjoy">enjoy</span>,<span word="teach">teach</span>,<span word="hurt">hurt</span>,<span word="buy">buy</span>,<span word="introduce">introduce</span>,<span word="seat">seat</span>,<span word="dress">dress</span>,<span word="express">express</span>,<span word="behave">behave</span>等动词后作宾语。如: <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="English">English</span>.他在自学英语。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="seated">seated</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="window">window</span>. 他在窗子旁坐下。 <span word="Help">Help</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span>.吃点水果吧。 与反身代词连用的常见动词搭配如下: <span word="absent">absent</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="from">from</span> 缺席 <span word="accustom">accustom</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="to">to</span> 热心于 <span word="adapt">adapt</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="to">to</span> 适应于 <span word="addict">addict</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="in">in</span> 沉溺于 二 三 四 一 <span word="amuse">amuse</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="with">with</span>/<span word="by">by</span> 以……自娱 <span word="apply">apply</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="to">to</span> 致力于 <span word="bend">bend</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="to">to</span> 热衷于 <span word="break">break</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="of">of</span> 去掉……习惯 <span word="charge">charge</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="with">with</span> 承担 <span word="concern">concern</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="with">with</span> 关心;忙于 <span word="confine">confine</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="to">to</span> 局限于 <span word="devote">devote</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="to">to</span> 致力于 <span word="dress">dress</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="in">in</span> 穿着 <span word="engage">engage</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="in">in</span> 从事于 <span word="engage">engage</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="to">to</span> 同……订婚 <span word="enjoy">enjoy</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> 过得愉快 <span word="free">free</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="of">of</span> 摆脱 二 三 四 一 <span word="give">give</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="to">to</span> 热衷于 <span word="help">help</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="to">to</span> 随意吃 <span word="lose">lose</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="in">in</span> 入迷 <span word="occupy">occupy</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="with">with</span> 从事 <span word="prepare">prepare</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="for">for</span> 准备 <span word="rid">rid</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="of">of</span> 除去 <span word="expose">expose</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="to">to</span> 暴露于;遭受 <span word="throw">throw</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="to">to</span> 投身于 二 三 四 一 2.作介词的宾语 常在<span word="by">by</span>,<span word="for">for</span>,<span word="to">to</span>,<span word="of">of</span>等介词后作宾语。 <span word="by">by</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span>单独地;独自地;靠自己 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span>独自享用,不与他人共享 <span word="for">for</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span>为自己,代表自己;独自地 <span word="of">of</span> <span word="itself">itself</span>自动地 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="itself">itself</span>本身;本质上 <span word="between">between</span> <span word="ourselves">ourselves</span>咱们私下说说(不足为外人道) <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span>苏醒;恢复情绪 <span word="say">say</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> 心里想 <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span>自言自语 二 三 四 一 3.作主语或宾语的同位语,主要起加强语气的作用,译作“亲自,本身,本人”。如: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="easy">easy</span>.这工作本身很容易。(<span word="itself">itself</span>作主语<span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span>的同位语) <span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span>.<span word="Wang">Wang</span> <span word="himself">himself</span>?你见过王先生本人吗?(<span word="himself">himself</span>作宾语<span word="Mr">Mr</span>.<span word="Wang">Wang</span>的同位语) 4.作表语:在<span word="be">be</span>,<span word="feel">feel</span>,<span word="look">look</span>,<span word="seem">seem</span>等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态处于正常。如: <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="myself">myself</span> <span word="today">today</span>.今天我感觉不舒服。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span> <span word="myself">myself</span> <span word="again">again</span>. 我觉得健康如昔。 二 三 四 一 5.用于一些简短的会话用语或固定说法中。如: <span word="Help">Help</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span>!请随便吃吧!请自己去取吧! <span word="Make">Make</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span>!别客气! <span word="Don">Don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="upset">upset</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span>!别自寻烦恼! <span word="Make">Make</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span> <span word="heard">heard</span>/<span word="understood">understood</span>. 使你的话被人听得见/理解。 二 三 四 一 二 三 四 一 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="pen">pen</span>.<span word="Have">Have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="it">it</span>? 我找不到我的钢笔了,你看到过它吗? <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="pen">pen</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="one">one</span>. 我找不到我的钢笔了,我想我得去买一支。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="films">films</span>,<span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="mentioned">mentioned</span>. 我很想看这些电影,特别是你提到的那一部。 <span word="You">You</span>’<span word="re">re</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span>. 只有你知道该到哪里去。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="colder">colder</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</span>. 北京的天气比广州的冷。 <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="moved">moved</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="recently">recently</span>? 你认识最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗? 二 三 四 一 <span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="need">need</span>. 我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="eat">eat</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="healthy">healthy</span>. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。 二 三 四 一 四、<span word="it">it</span>的用法 <span word="it">it</span>可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。 1.代指前文已提到过的一个事物。如: <span word="That">That</span> <span word="vase">vase</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="valuable">valuable</span>.<span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 200 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="old">old</span>. 那个花瓶很珍贵,它有200多年的历史。 2.当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时,也可用<span word="it">it</span>来表示。 如: <span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lovely">lovely</span> <span word="baby">baby</span>.<span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="girl">girl</span>? 宝宝真可爱,是男孩还是女孩? 3.<span word="it">it</span>作没有具体意义的主语,出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="miles">miles</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nearest">nearest</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="here">here</span>. 这里离最近的医院也有六英里。 二 三 四 一 4.<span word="it">it</span>也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如: <span word="How">How</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="you">you</span>?你近况如何? <span word="When">When</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="saving">saving</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>,<span word="big">big</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="steps">steps</span>,<span word="like">like</span> <span word="turning">turning</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lights">lights</span>. 当提到节能的时候,大变化从细微的行动开始,比如随手关灯。 5.<span word="it">it</span>充当形式主语或形式宾语。 <span word="it">it</span>充当形式主语或形式宾语,本身无意义,只起一种先行引导的作用。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、<span word="v">v</span>.-<span word="ing">ing</span>或名词性从句。 如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="harder">harder</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lazy">lazy</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="living">living</span>. 懒汉谋生是日益困难了。 (<span word="it">it</span>作形式主语) <span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stop">stop</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span>. 我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。 (<span word="it">it</span>作形式宾语) 二 三 四 一</p>
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