2016届高考英语二轮语法专项复习课件：专题3 冠词与介词的误用（新人教版）
<p> 一 二 三 四 冠词作为一种虚词,在英语中只能和名词一起使用。英语中的冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两类。 介词用来表示它后面的名词或代词(或相当于名词的其他词类;短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系。在英语中,介词作用非常重要,离开了介词的中介或连接作用,就无法表达某些最基本的思想或概念,比如时间、空间、方位、手段、状态等等;另外,介词还可以传达动词或动词短语的含义。 高考对冠词和介词的考查涉及的错误常有:冠词和介词的错用、漏用和多用等几个情况。 二 三 四 一 一、正确使用冠词 1.弄清定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法,学会根据句意和语境选择使用冠词。解决问题的关键是把握语境,如果句子中的名词表示“一个;某人;任何一个”等,用不定冠词;如果表示“这个;那个;这些;那些”等,则用定冠词。 (一)不定冠词的基本用法 1.泛指一个。如:<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="table">table</span>. 2.指人或事物的某一种类。如:<span word="His">His</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="driver">driver</span>. 3.指某一个人或事物,但不具体说明。如:<span word="My">My</span> <span word="sister">sister</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="saved">saved</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="PLA">PLA</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fire">fire</span>. 4.用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位的名词前,表示“每一”。如:<span word="We">We</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="meals">meals</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="day">day</span>. 5.表示同样的。如:<span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="age">age</span>.(他们是同岁。) 6.表数量,相当于<span word="one">one</span>,但语意较弱。如:<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>. 二 三 四 一 7.使抽象名词具体化。如:<span word="The">The</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="mother">mother</span>.(<span word="a">a</span> <span word="help">help</span>意为“帮手”) 8.固定搭配。如:<span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>,<span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hurry">hurry</span>,<span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="word">word</span>等。 9.“<span word="a">a</span>/<span word="an">an</span>+序数词”不表示排序,表“又一,再一”。 如: <span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="chance">chance</span>,<span word="please">please</span>? 10.有些物质名词,如<span word="rain">rain</span>,<span word="snow">snow</span>,<span word="fog">fog</span>,<span word="wind">wind</span>,<span word="tea">tea</span>,<span word="coffee">coffee</span>等,其前有形容词修饰时,形容词前应该加不定冠词。如: <span word="What">What</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>!<span word="Longjing">Longjing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wonderful">wonderful</span> <span word="tea">tea</span>. 11.有些不可数名词如<span word="knowledge">knowledge</span>,<span word="collection">collection</span>,<span word="understanding">understanding</span>等是由其动词转化而来的,后面加<span word="of">of</span>...时,前面常用不定冠词。如:<span word="What">What</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="aid">aid</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="emergency">emergency</span>. 二 三 四 一 (二)定冠词的基本用法 1.表示上文提到过的人或事物。如:<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="book">book</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="useful">useful</span>. 2.用于说话人与听话人都明确知道的人或事物。如:<span word="Close">Close</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="window">window</span>,<span word="please">please</span>. 3.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:<span word="the">the</span> <span word="sun">sun</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="moon">moon</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="earth">earth</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>等。 4.用于表示方位的名词之前。如:<span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span>。 5.用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前,以及对两人或物进行比较时起限制作用的比较级前。如:<span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="tallest">tallest</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="important">important</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="taller">taller</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="boys">boys</span>等。 6.用于形容词或过去分词之前,使其名词化。如:<span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> (年轻人),<span word="the">the</span> <span word="wounded">wounded</span> (伤员)等。 7.用于某些专有名词之前。如:<span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="Nations">Nations</span>等。 二 三 四 一 8.用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如:<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Changjiang">Changjiang</span> <span word="River">River</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="East">East</span> <span word="Lake">Lake</span>等。 9.用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如:<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Smiths">Smiths</span>等。 10.用于西洋乐器的名词前。如:<span word="play">play</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="piano">piano</span>,<span word="play">play</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="violin">violin</span>等。 11.用于发明物前。如:<span word="The">The</span> <span word="compass">compass</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="invented">invented</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>. 12.用于年代名词前。如:<span word="He">He</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="countryside">countryside</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1970<span word="s">s</span>. 13.用于固定词组中。如:<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>/<span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>/<span word="evening">evening</span>,<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>,<span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span>等。 14.用于表示计量单位的名词前。如:<span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dozen">dozen</span>,<span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hour">hour</span>,<span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span>,<span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="yard">yard</span>等。 提示:如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词,之前不用冠词,如<span word="by">by</span> <span word="weight">weight</span>/<span word="height">height</span>等。 二 三 四 一 15.<span word="the">the</span> <span word="very">very</span>(正是那一个),<span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>(同样的),<span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span>(唯一的)。 16.用在“主语+动词+介词+<span word="the">the</span>+身体部位名词”结构中。如:<span word="strike">strike</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="head">head</span>打在某人的头上,<span word="seize">seize</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="collar">collar</span>抓住某人的衣领,<span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="arm">arm</span>抓住某人的手臂。 二 三 四 一 (三)不定冠词和定冠词的转化 1.表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词,如<span word="sun">sun</span>,<span word="sky">sky</span>,<span word="world">world</span>,<span word="moon">moon</span>等,前面一般用定冠词,但其前有描绘性的修饰语时,用不定冠词。试对比: <span word="As">As</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="all">all</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="earth">earth</span> <span word="moves">moves</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sun">sun</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="moon">moon</span>! 2.“ <span word="a">a</span>/<span word="an">an</span>+比较级”表示“(众多人或事物中)比……更……的一个”,属于泛指;“<span word="the">the</span>+比较级”表示“两者中较为……的一个”。“<span word="a">a</span> <span word="most">most</span>+形容词”表示“很……,非常……”。试比较: <span word="This">This</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="small">small</span>.<span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="one">one</span>? <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="boys">boys</span>. <span word="Part">Part</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span>. 二 三 四 一 3.表示顺序时用“<span word="the">the</span>+序数词”;表示“再一,又一”时,用“<span word="a">a</span>/<span word="an">an</span>+序数词”。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="books">books</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="one">one</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="lesson">lesson</span>,<span word="and">and</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span>. 4.不定冠词用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日期前。有限制性的定语时(即表示某一年的某个季节时),应该用定冠词。表示“某一个星期几”时,用不定冠词。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="day">day</span>,<span word="so">so</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="packed">packed</span> <span word="lunch">lunch</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="joined">joined</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="army">army</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spring">spring</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1988. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="hot">hot</span> <span word="summer">summer</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="classmate">classmate</span> <span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Wednesday">Wednesday</span>. 二 三 四 一 二、零冠词和固定搭配中的冠词 1.表示总称的复数名词之前和表示泛指的不可数名词前。如: <span word="Children">Children</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="cartoons">cartoons</span>.儿童喜欢卡通影片。 <span word="Money">Money</span> <span word="isn">isn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="everything">everything</span>.金钱不是一切。 2.表示职位、头衔、称呼的名词,在句中作主语补足语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语时不加冠词。如:<span word="Mr">Mr</span>.<span word="Smith">Smith</span>,<span word="head">head</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="group">group</span>,<span word="will">will</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="trip">trip</span>. 3.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前常不用冠词。如:<span word="China">China</span>,<span word="Smith">Smith</span>等。 4.表示学科、球类、棋类、语言名称的名词前不用冠词。 二 三 四 一 5.季节、月份、星期、节假日前一般不用冠词。如:<span word="on">on</span> <span word="Friday">Friday</span>,<span word="in">in</span> <span word="summer">summer</span>等。 提示:季节等被限定性定语修饰时用定冠词;星期前加不定冠词表示“某一个……”;中国民间传统节日前常加定冠词。如:<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spring">spring</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1992,<span word="a">a</span> <span word="Tuesday">Tuesday</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="September">September</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Spring">Spring</span> <span word="Festival">Festival</span>等。 6.一日三餐前通常不用冠词,但前面有描绘性形容词时,加不定冠词。如: <span word="What">What</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="breakfast">breakfast</span>? 你早餐吃什么? <span word="He">He</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wonderful">wonderful</span> <span word="supper">supper</span>. 他吃了一顿很棒的晚餐。 二 三 四 一 7.在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如:<span word="arm">arm</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="arm">arm</span>(手挽手);<span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>(手牵手);<span word="side">side</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="side">side</span>(肩并肩);<span word="day">day</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="night">night</span>(日日夜夜);<span word="young">young</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="old">old</span>(老老少少);<span word="from">from</span> <span word="door">door</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="door">door</span>(挨门挨户);<span word="from">from</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="end">end</span>(从头到尾);<span word="from">from</span> <span word="morning">morning</span> <span word="till">till</span> <span word="night">night</span>(从早到晚)等。 8.与<span word="by">by</span>连用表示交通方式的名词前;以<span word="and">and</span>连接的两个相对的名词连用时。如:<span word="knife">knife</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fork">fork</span>,<span word="by">by</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>,<span word="by">by</span> <span word="plane">plane</span>等。 9.系动词<span word="turn">turn</span>(变成)后的单数名词作表语,用零冠词。 <span word="After">After</span> <span word="graduation">graduation</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>/<span word="became">became</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>. 10.“零冠词+单数名词+<span word="as">as</span>/<span word="though">though</span>+主语+谓语...”,即让步状语从句的倒装结构中。如: <span word="Child">Child</span> <span word="as">as</span>/<span word="though">though</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span>.(=<span word="Although">Although</span>/<span word="Though">Though</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="child">child</span>,...) 二 三 四 一 11.<span word="no">no</span> <span word="such">such</span>后的名词不用冠词。如: <span word="Everything">Everything</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="price">price</span>;<span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="lunch">lunch</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>. 一切都是有代价的,因为天下没有免费的午餐。 12.固定搭配中的冠词的用法。冠词构成的习语搭配也是考查的重要内容,而且失分率极高,建议同学们在平时的学习中牢固记忆。 在某些习惯用语中,用还是不用冠词,用哪个冠词,意义不同,有时甚至差别很大,使用时要特别注意。以下是常见的容易混淆的短语: <span word="at">at</span> <span word="table">table</span> 进餐 <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="table">table</span> 在桌子旁 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span> 住院 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span> 在医院里 <span word="by">by</span> <span word="sea">sea</span> 乘船(由海路) <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sea">sea</span> 在海边 二 三 四 一 <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="question">question</span> 毫无疑问,一定 <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="question">question</span> 不可能 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="front">front</span> <span word="of">of</span> 在……(外部的)前面 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="front">front</span> <span word="of">of</span> 在……(内部的)前面 <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> 一会儿 <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> 目前,暂时 <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="charge">charge</span> <span word="of">of</span> 负责…… <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="charge">charge</span> <span word="of">of</span> 由……负责,在……掌管之下 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="possession">possession</span> <span word="of">of</span> 拥有 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="possession">possession</span> <span word="of">of</span> 为……所有 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="sight">sight</span> <span word="of">of</span> 能看见 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sight">sight</span> <span word="of">of</span> 据……的见解 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="of">of</span> 代替 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="of">of</span> 在……的地方 二 三 四 一 三、正确使用介词 1.掌握介词的基本用法和含义,弄清同类型介词的区分。如表示地点的介词<span word="on">on</span>,<span word="in">in</span>,<span word="at">at</span>怎样选用。例如: <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rainbow">rainbow</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sky">sky</span>.天上有一道彩虹。 <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> 9<span word="th">th</span> <span word="floor">floor</span>.我们的办公室在九楼。 2.掌握介词短语的构成,要根据句意选用合适的介词或介词短语。 介词短语是指由介词后接宾语构成的短语,如<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span>,<span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span>,<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>,<span word="under">under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trees">trees</span>,<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="distance">distance</span>等。体会介词短语的意义和句意的关系,不要乱用介词。例如: <span word="They">They</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trees">trees</span>.他们从树下走出来。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="strange">strange</span> <span word="sound">sound</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span>.我们听到屋里有一种奇怪的声音。 二 三 四 一 3.掌握常见的固定短语以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。尤其要注意“介词+名词”、“动词+介词”和“形容词+介词”构成的搭配。例如: (1)介词+名词:<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="contrary">contrary</span>相反;<span word="in">in</span> <span word="turn">turn</span>依次;<span word="in">in</span> <span word="one">one</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="opinion">opinion</span>根据某人的看法;<span word="on">on</span> <span word="time">time</span>准时;<span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="reach">reach</span>够不着。 (2)动词+介词:<span word="remind">remind</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="of">of</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.提醒某人某事;<span word="rob">rob</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="of">of</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.抢劫某人的……;<span word="result">result</span> <span word="from">from</span>由……引起;<span word="call">call</span> <span word="at">at</span>访问(某地)。 特别要注意下列常考的动词和介词构成的短语: 动词<span word="go">go</span>,<span word="come">come</span>,<span word="take">take</span>,<span word="make">make</span>,<span word="get">get</span>,<span word="have">have</span>,<span word="set">set</span>,<span word="break">break</span>,<span word="put">put</span>,<span word="look">look</span>,<span word="bring">bring</span>,<span word="see">see</span>+ 介词<span word="through">through</span>,<span word="over">over</span>,<span word="off">off</span>,<span word="in">in</span>,<span word="on">on</span>,<span word="out">out</span>,<span word="up">up</span>,<span word="down">down</span> (3)形容词+介词:<span word="be">be</span> <span word="curious">curious</span> <span word="about">about</span>对……好奇;<span word="be">be</span> <span word="proud">proud</span> <span word="of">of</span>因……而自豪;<span word="be">be</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="with">with</span>受到……的欢迎。 二 三 四 一 四、介词的误用 介词的误用情况很多,特别注意下列情况: 1.不要受汉语思维的影响而错用介词,如:<span word="The">The</span> <span word="sun">sun</span> <span word="rises">rises</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sets">sets</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="west">west</span>.该句中的<span word="in">in</span>容易误用为<span word="from">from</span>。 2.不要混淆固定搭配而误用介词,如:<span word="We">We</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="shoulder">shoulder</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="shoulder">shoulder</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="years">years</span>.该句子中的<span word="by">by</span>应该是<span word="to">to</span>。 3.不要忽略语境因素而漏用介词:如:<span word="He">He</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="angry">angry</span>.(犯不上和他生气。)该句子中,由于<span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="angry">angry</span>不具备直接接宾语的能力,因此<span word="angry">angry</span>后应该加<span word="with">with</span>。 4.分清及物动词和不及物动词,不要想当然地多用介词,如:<span word="Seeing">Seeing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span> <span word="open">open</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="stranger">stranger</span> <span word="entered">entered</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span>.该句子中<span word="into">into</span>多余,因为<span word="enter">enter</span>为及物动词。 二 三 四 一 二 三 四 一 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ.完成句子(高考真题变式训练) 1.<span word="They">They</span> <span word="chose">chose</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="captain">captain</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="team">team</span>,<span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="knew">knew</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span></p>
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