2016届高考英语（新课标全国卷Ⅰ）二轮复习课件：专题5 定语从句
<p> 栏目导引 专题强 化训练 专题5 定语从句 2016高考导航——适用于全国卷Ⅰ 专题5 定语从句 考查点 2015 2017 2017 命题趋势 定语从句 全国卷Ⅰ64题[关系代词<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="which">which</span>] 全国卷Ⅰ67题[关系代词<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="which">which</span>] 未考 高考对定语从句的考查集中在关系代词(<span word="that">that</span>，<span word="which">which</span>，<span word="who">who</span>)及关系副词(<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="where">where</span>)的选用上,且在语篇型语法填空中的考查形式为无提示型。 1．(2015·高考安徽卷，单项填空，改编)<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="experts">experts</span> <span word="think">think</span></p><p> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fundamental">fundamental</span> <span word="skill">skill</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> ____________ <span word="school">school</span></p><p> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="depends">depends</span>. 2．(2015·高考四川卷，单项填空，改编)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span></p><p> <span word="desk">desk</span>，____________<span word="covers">covers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="shiny">shiny</span>，<span word="are">are</span> <span word="prizes">prizes</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="us">us</span>. 3．(2015·泰安二模)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="camp">camp</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="of">of</span></p><p> <span word="teenagers">teenagers</span>____________<span word="had">had</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="summer">summer</span> <span word="vacation">vacation</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="others">others</span>. 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 <span word="which">which</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="who">who</span>/<span word="that">that</span> 4．(2015·河北保定二模)<span word="However">However</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="choice">choice</span>， <span word="though">though</span>.<span word="First">First</span> <span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="draft">draft</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="speech">speech</span>，____________<span word="was">was</span></p><p> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cake">cake</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="writer">writer</span>. 5．(2015·济宁模拟)____________<span word="is">is</span> <span word="expected">expected</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="quality">quality</span></p><p> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="improved">improved</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="months">months</span>. <span word="which">which</span> <span word="As">As</span> 1．<span word="which">which</span>指物，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以 省略。 2．<span word="that">that</span>指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语 时可以省略。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="visitors">visitors</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="museum">museum</span> <span word="that">that</span>/<span word="which">which</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="constructed">constructed</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="before">before</span>. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。 3.限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用<span word="that">that</span>不用<span word="which">which</span>的情况： (1)先行词为不定代词<span word="all">all</span>，<span word="anything">anything</span>，<span word="nothing">nothing</span>，<span word="something">something</span>，<span word="everything">everything</span>,<span word="nothing">nothing</span>,<span word="none">none</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span>等或被不定代词修饰时。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="refuse">refuse</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="accept">accept</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="blame">blame</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="else">else</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="fault">fault</span>. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 (2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="visited">visited</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Guilin">Guilin</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="Elephant">Elephant</span> <span word="Trunk">Trunk</span> <span word="Hill">Hill</span>. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 (3)先行词被<span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="very">very</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>，<span word="any">any</span>，<span word="every">every</span>，<span word="each">each</span>，<span word="few">few</span>，<span word="little">little</span>，<span word="no">no</span>，<span word="some">some</span>等修饰时。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meal">meal</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="liked">liked</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dessert">dessert</span>.这顿饭只有甜点是我爱吃的。 (4)先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span>’<span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="journey">journey</span>. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人 和事。 4．关系词只用<span word="which">which</span>而不用<span word="that">that</span>的情况：(一句话口诀：介词后、逗号后不可用<span word="that">that</span>) (1)引导非限制性定语从句时。 <span word="Ted">Ted</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weekend">weekend</span> <span word="wearing">wearing</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="shorts">shorts</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="T">T</span>－<span word="shirt">shirt</span>，<span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stupid">stupid</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="weather">weather</span>. 特德周末来时只穿着短裤和一件<span word="T">T</span>恤，这种天气穿这样的衣服有点傻。 (2)当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词＋关系代词”结构时。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="available">available</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="ease">ease</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="before">before</span>. 我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。 5．<span word="who">who</span>，<span word="whom">whom</span>的用法 <span word="who">who</span>或<span word="whom">whom</span>均可指代人，但<span word="who">who</span>在从句中作主语或宾语，<span word="whom">whom</span>在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用<span word="that">that</span>替换。作主语时，<span word="who">who</span>/<span word="that">that</span>不可省略；作宾语时，<span word="whom">whom</span>/<span word="who">who</span>/<span word="that">that</span>可以省略。 <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="who">who</span>/<span word="whom">whom</span>/<span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="speech">speech</span> <span word="contest">contest</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。 6．<span word="whose">whose</span>的用法 <span word="whose">whose</span>表所属关系，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于<span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span>；指人时相当于<span word="of">of</span> <span word="whom">whom</span>。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="shop">shop</span>, <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="customers">customers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="students">students</span>，<span word="is">is</span> <span word="closed">closed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="holidays">holidays</span>. 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。 7．<span word="as">as</span>也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有<span word="as">as</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="above">above</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="mentioned">mentioned</span> <span word="above">above</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="happens">happens</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="case">case</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="reported">reported</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span>，<span word="such">such</span>...<span word="as">as</span>...，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>...<span word="as">as</span>...等。 <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="machines">machines</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="workshop">workshop</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。 “<span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="judge">judge</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="cover">cover</span>，”<span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="saying">saying</span> <span word="goes">goes</span>.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。” 单句语法填空 1．(2015·河北邢台高三摸底考试)<span word="Officer">Officer</span>：<span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="afraid">afraid</span> <span word="I">I</span></p>
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