2017届高考英语一轮语法专题复习课件：6 情态动词（新人教版）
<p> 走向高考 · 高考总复习 · 人教版 · 英语</p><p> 第二部分</p><p> 语法专题复习 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 人教版 · 高考总复习 语法专题复习 第二部分 专题六 情态动词 第二部分 知 识 清 单 2 考 点 警 示 3 考 点 透 析 1 考 点 透 析</p><p> 情态动词在最近几年的高考语法填空中还没有直接考查过，但这并不意味着今后也不会考。另外，熟练掌握情态动词的用法，对准确理解语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解、听力理解中含有情态动词的句子是很有益处的，并且在写作中也可能会用到情态动词。因此，我们应当学好情态动词，尤其要掌握好常用情态动词的用法。 知 识 清 单 一、9大情态动词的基本用法 情态动词 主要用法 典句例示 <span word="can">can</span>/<span word="could">could</span> 表示能力 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="table">table</span> <span word="tennis">tennis</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 表示理论上的可能性，“有时候会；可能会” <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="experienced">experienced</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="mistakes">mistakes</span>. 表示请求和允许 表示请求，口语中常用<span word="could">could</span>代替<span word="can">can</span> ①<span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="seat">seat</span>.<span word="I">I</span>'<span word="m">m</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="now">now</span>. ②<span word="Could">Could</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="band">band</span>？ 情态动词 主要用法 典句例示 <span word="may">may</span>/<span word="might">might</span> 表示请求、允许、许可，<span word="might">might</span>比<span word="may">may</span>的语气更委婉 ①<span word="You">You</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="dictionary">dictionary</span>. ②<span word="Might">Might</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="computer">computer</span>？ <span word="must">must</span> 表示“必须” <span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="progress">progress</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>. 表示“偏要；硬要” <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="smoke">smoke</span>，<span word="please">please</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="out">out</span>. 情态动词 主要用法 典句例示 <span word="shall">shall</span> 用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见 <span word="Shall">Shall</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span>？ 用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；此外，当颁布法律、规定时也用<span word="shall">shall</span> ①<span word="You">You</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. ②<span word="He">He</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="first">first</span>，<span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span>. ③<span word="This">This</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="May">May</span> <span word="lst">lst</span>. 情态动词 主要用法 典句例示 <span word="should">should</span> 表示劝告和建议，作“应该”讲 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span>. 表示惊讶、意外等情绪，意为“竟然” <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="bear">bear</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="ill">ill</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="me">me</span>. 用在<span word="if">if</span>条件句中，表示可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="come">come</span>，<span word="say">say</span> <span word="I">I</span>'<span word="m">m</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span>. 情态动词 主要用法 典句例示 <span word="will">will</span>/<span word="would">would</span> 用于表示意志或意愿 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="again">again</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="again">again</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stop">stop</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="listen">listen</span>. 表示“请求；建议”。<span word="would">would</span>比<span word="will">will</span>委婉、客气些 <span word="Would">Would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="coffee">coffee</span>？ 表示习惯：<span word="will">will</span>可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用<span word="would">would</span> ①<span word="She">She</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="sit">sit</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>. ②<span word="When">When</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="young">young</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="listen">listen</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="alone">alone</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="room">room</span>. 表示事物的某种性质和倾向 <span word="Wood">Wood</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="float">float</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="water">water</span>. 情态动词 主要用法 典句例示 <span word="need">need</span> 表示“需要；必要”，用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中 —<span word="Need">Need</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="test">test</span>? —<span word="NO">NO</span>，<span word="we">we</span> <span word="needn">needn</span>'<span word="t">t</span>. <span word="dare">dare</span> 表示“敢；敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句。<span word="I">I</span> <span word="dare">dare</span> <span word="say">say</span>是习惯说法，意为“我想，大概” <span word="How">How</span> <span word="dare">dare</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="that">that</span>？ <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> 表示义务，意为“应当”，语气比<span word="should">should</span>强，表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推测，意为“应是；应该” ①<span word="Everyone">Everyone</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="obey">obey</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="traffic">traffic</span> <span word="rules">rules</span>. ②<span word="He">He</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="now">now</span>. 二、3组易混情态动词用法比较 情态动词 主要用法 典句例示 <span word="can">can</span>(<span word="could">could</span>)/ <span word="bc">bc</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="can">can</span>/<span word="could">could</span> <span word="can">can</span>有现在式和过去式(<span word="could">could</span>)，表示一般能力 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="starving">starving</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="death">death</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="eat">eat</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="bowls">bowls</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rice">rice</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> 有更多的形式，<span word="was">was</span>/<span word="were">were</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span>表示通过努力、克服困难做成某事 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="fire">fire</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hotel">hotel</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="out">out</span>. 情态动词 主要用法 典句例示 <span word="must">must</span>/ <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="must">must</span> 侧重表示说话人的主观看法；只有一种形式 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="rely">rely</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="ourselves">ourselves</span>. <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> 表示客观需要，有不同的形式 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="illness">illness</span>. <span word="would">would</span>/ <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="would">would</span> 表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作，没有与现在对比的含义，不可用于无人称句或存在句 <span word="Last">Last</span> <span word="year">year</span>，<span word="our">our</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="stories">stories</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="class">class</span>. <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。强调今昔对比，可用于无人称句或存在句 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="young">young</span>. 情态动词 主要用法 典句例示 考点警示 (1)<span word="can">can</span>的一些常用固定搭配 <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>./<span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>./<span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.表示“不得不，只好” <span word="cannot">cannot</span>/<span word="can">can</span> <span word="never">never</span>...<span word="enough">enough</span>/<span word="too">too</span>再……也不为过 (2)<span word="may">may</span>的一些常用固定搭配 <span word="may">may</span> <span word="well">well</span>＋动词原形意为“完全能，很可能”，<span word="may">may</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span>＋动词原形意为“最好．满可以，倒不如” (3)<span word="mustn">mustn</span>'<span word="t">t</span>表示“禁止”“不许做某事” 回答用<span word="need">need</span>提问的问句时与回答用<span word="must">must</span>提问的问句时一样，肯定回答用<span word="must">must</span>，否定回答要用<span word="needn">needn</span>'<span word="t">t</span>或<span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> ①<span word="I">I</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="go">go</span>. ②<span word="You">You</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="careful">careful</span> <span word="enough">enough</span>. ③<span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="appearance">appearance</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="recognize">recognize</span> <span word="her">her</span>. ④<span word="You">You</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="once">once</span>. 三、5大表示推测的情态动词用法比较 情态动词 适用句式 适用时态 意义 典句例示</p>
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