2017届高考英语一轮语法专题复习课件：8 动词的时态与语态（新人教版）
<p> 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 人教版 · 高考总复习 语法专题复习 第二部分 专题八 动词的时态与语态 第二部分 知 识 清 单 2 考 点 警 示 3 考 点 透 析 1 考 点 透 析 动词的时态、语态是语法填空中必考内容之一，动词的各种时态形式都可能考到，不过最常考的是一般现在时态，一般过去时态，现在进行时态，以及一般将来时态，现在完成时态，同时还常与非谓语动词一起考查，做语法填空题时，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气(陈述语气还是虚拟语气)、主谓一致四个方面。 其次，在确定谓语动词的时态时，我们可从三个方面来进行判断： 1．看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。 2．在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时，要看上下文的谓语动词的形式。 3．看是否是特殊句型等。 例如：<span word="Suddenly">Suddenly</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="found">found</span>(<span word="find">find</span>) <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="salt">salt</span>.此题考查时态，因为是讲述的过去的故事，故应用过去时态。另外，在写作中要根据文章内容，恰当地使用各种时态，会使文章更鲜明、生动，更能体现一个考生的英语运用功底。 知 识 清 单 一、动词的时态 动词的时态 用法 典句例示 一般现在时 ①现在的状态 ②经常性或习惯性的动作 ③客观真理 ④在某些状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时 ①<span word="We">We</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span>. ②<span word="We">We</span> <span word="have">have</span> 3 <span word="classes">classes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="day">day</span>. ③<span word="The">The</span> <span word="sun">sun</span> <span word="rises">rises</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="west">west</span>. ④<span word="We">We</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="park">park</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="rains">rains</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. 动词的时态 用法 典句例示 一般过去时 ①过去的动作或状态 ②过去经常性或习惯性动作 ③在状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时态 ①<span word="We">We</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. ②<span word="We">We</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="played">played</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="children">children</span>. ③<span word="He">He</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="novel">novel</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>. ④<span word="She">She</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="visited">visited</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="again">again</span>. 动词的时态 用法 典句例示 一般将来时 <span word="will">will</span>/<span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="do">do</span> ①表示将来的动作或状态 ②表示一种趋向或习惯动作 ③表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定 ④<span word="will">will</span>在含有条件、时间状语从句的主句中表意愿 ①<span word="I">I</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="swim">swim</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="fine">fine</span>. ②<span word="We">We</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="die">die</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="water">water</span>. ③<span word="My">My</span> <span word="grandmother">grandmother</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> 90 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="year">year</span>. ④<span word="She">She</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="her">her</span>. 动词的时态 用法 典句例示 一般将来时 <span word="be">be</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> ①表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备 ②表将来，不能用在含有条件、时间状语从句的主句中 ①<span word="I">I</span>'<span word="m">m</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. ②<span word="The">The</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="football">football</span>. 动词的时态 用法 典句例示 一般将来时 <span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、职责、可能性等 ①<span word="A">A</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="at">at</span> 3 <span word="o">o</span>'<span word="clock">clock</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>. ②<span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="police">police</span>. <span word="he">he</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="to">to</span> 表示“即刻：就要”，一般不与时间状语或状语从句连用 ①<span word="Autumn">Autumn</span> <span word="harvest">harvest</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="start">start</span>. ②<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>. 动词的时态 用法 典句例示 过去将来时 ①用<span word="would">would</span> <span word="do">do</span>，<span word="was">was</span>/<span word="were">were</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.表过去将来 ②<span word="was">was</span>/<span word="were">were</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.和<span word="was">was</span>/<span word="were">were</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.表过去将来 ③常用于宾语从句和间接引语中，表示过去将要发生的行为或存在的状态 ①<span word="I">I</span> <span word="knew">knew</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="agree">agree</span>. ②<span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="us">us</span>. ③<span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="week">week</span>. ④<span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="in">in</span>. ⑤<span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="wait">wait</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="back">back</span>. 动词的时态 用法 典句例示 现在进行时<span word="be">be</span>＋<span word="doing">doing</span> ①表示说话时正在进行的动作 ②表近期特定的安排或计划 ③表示趋向行为的动词，如<span word="come">come</span>，<span word="go">go</span>，<span word="start">start</span>，<span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="leave">leave</span>等可用进行时代替将来时 ④与<span word="always">always</span>等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气 ①<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>. ②<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span>. <span word="Wang">Wang</span> <span word="tonight">tonight</span>. ③<span word="The">The</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Day">Day</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="coming">coming</span>. ④<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="helping">helping</span> <span word="others">others</span>. 动词的时态 用法 典句例示 过去进行时<span word="was">was</span>/<span word="were">were</span>＋<span word="doing">doing</span> ①表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生的动作 ②表示某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行 ①<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="raining">raining</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span>. ②<span word="When">When</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mountain">mountain</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sun">sun</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="shining">shining</span>. 现在完成时<span word="have">have</span>/<span word="has">has</span>＋<span word="done">done</span> ①表示过去的动作对现在的影响 ②表示某一动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，也可能继续持续下去 ③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时 ①<span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span>. ②<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="learnt">learnt</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span>. ③<span word="Don">Don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bus">bus</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="stopped">stopped</span>. 动词的时态 用法 典句例示 过去完成时<span word="had">had</span>＋<span word="done">done</span> ①表示“过去的过去” ②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用<span word="had">had</span> <span word="hoped">hoped</span>/<span word="planned">planned</span>/<span word="meant">meant</span>/<span word="intended">intended</span>等或者<span word="hoped">hoped</span>/<span word="planned">planned</span>...＋<span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> ③过去完成时用于一些固定句型中 ①<span word="When">When</span> <span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span>, <span word="Mary">Mary</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="hour">hour</span>. ②<span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="hoped">hoped</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="send">send</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Christmas">Christmas</span> <span word="card">card</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="forgot">forgot</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="so">so</span>. ③<span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>. ④<span word="That">That</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="visited">visited</span> <span word="Australia">Australia</span>. 动词的时态 用法 典句例示 现在完成进行时<span word="have">have</span>/<span word="has">has</span>＋<span word="been">been</span>＋<span word="doing">doing</span> ①用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作 ②多与<span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>，<span word="this">this</span> <span word="week">week</span>，<span word="all">all</span> <span word="night">night</span>等时间状语，以及<span word="for">for</span>和<span word="since">since</span>引导的状语从句连用 ①<span word="They">They</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span>. ②<span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="maths">maths</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="since">since</span> 800. 二、动词的被动语态 各种时态的被动语态 用法 典句例示 被动语 态 一般现在时<span word="am">am</span>/<span word="is">is</span>/<span word="are">are</span> <span word="done">done</span> 一般过去时<span word="was">was</span>/<span word="were">were</span> <span word="done">done</span> 现在进行时<span word="am">am</span>/<span word="is">is</span>/<span word="are">are</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="done">done</span> 过去进行时<span word="was">was</span>/<span word="were">were</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="done">done</span> ①不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者 ②强调动作的承受者 ①<span word="Rice">Rice</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="grown">grown</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="South">South</span> <span word="China">China</span>. ②<span word="The">The</span> <span word="glass">glass</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="broken">broken</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. ③<span word="The">The</span> <span word="project">project</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="carried">carried</span> <span word="out">out</span>. ④<span word="This">This</span> <span word="road">road</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>. ⑤<span word="This">This</span> <span word="novel">novel</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="translated">translated</span> <span word="into">into</span> 3 <span word="languages">languages</span>. 各种时态的被动语态 用法 典句例示 被动语 态 现在完成时<span word="have">have</span>/<span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="done">done</span> 过去完成时<span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="done">done</span> 一般将来时<span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> 情态动词<span word="can">can</span>/<span word="may">may</span>/<span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> ③动作的执 行者有较长的修饰语 ④出于礼貌，不愿说出动作的执行者 ⑥<span word="When">When</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="theatre">theatre</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tickets">tickets</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="sold">sold</span> <span word="out">out</span>. ⑦<span word="The">The</span> <span word="cars">cars</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sent">sent</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="sea">sea</span>. ⑧<span word="Oil">Oil</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="burning">burning</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 考 点 警 示 1．下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。 (1)表示心理状态、情感的动词，如<span word="like">like</span>，<span word="love">love</span>，<span word="hate">hate</span>，<span word="care">care</span>，<span word="remember">remember</span>，<span word="believe">believe</span>，<span word="need">need</span>等。 (2)表“存在”的状态的动词，如<span word="appear">appear</span>，<span word="exist">exist</span>，<span word="lie">lie</span>，<span word="remain">remain</span>，<span word="seem">seem</span>等。</p>
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