2017届高考英语一轮语法专题复习课件：9 非谓语动词（新人教版）
<p> 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 人教版 · 高考总复习 语法专题复习 第二部分 专题九 非谓语动词 第二部分 知 识 清 单 2 考 点 警 示 3 考 点 透 析 1 考 点 透 析 非谓语动词是语法填空题的必考点之一。解答此类试题首先要分析句子结构，通过分析确定是不是非谓语动词，然后要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如： 1．作主语或宾语，就用动名词(表示经常性的情况)，或不定式形式(表示具体的情况)。 2．作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用动词不定式，不定式作结果状语表示偶然的结果，现在分词作结果状语表示自然的结果。 3．作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词。 4．有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如<span word="see">see</span>/<span word="hear">hear</span>/<span word="notice">notice</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="do">do</span>/<span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.，<span word="spend">spend</span>...<span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.等。例如： 1．<span word="Mary">Mary</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="him">him</span>.<span word="He">He</span> <span word="suddenly">suddenly</span> <span word="appeared">appeared</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="day">day</span>，________(<span word="wear">wear</span>) <span word="sunglasses">sunglasses</span>. 此题中，<span word="appeared">appeared</span>是谓语动词，<span word="wear">wear</span>前没有并列连词，即<span word="wear">wear</span>不是并列谓语动词，应是非谓语动词，作状语，表示伴随状况，又因<span word="He">He</span>与<span word="wear">wear</span>是主动关系，故用现在分词<span word="wearing">wearing</span>。 2．“...<span word="but">but</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>，<span word="always">always</span> ________ (<span word="think">think</span>) <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="important">important</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="ended">ended</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="today">today</span>.” 此题中<span word="added">added</span>是谓语动词，<span word="think">think</span>前的<span word="always">always</span>是频度副词，不是并列连词，因此，<span word="think">think</span>不能与<span word="added">added</span>一起作并列谓语，应用其非谓语动词形式作伴随状语，又因为<span word="think">think</span>与<span word="everyone">everyone</span>是主动关系，故应用现在分词<span word="thinking">thinking</span>。 知 识 清 单 考 点 警 示 1．时态与语态的判断方法。 时态：非谓语动词的动作若发生有谓语动词的动作之前，用完成时，否则就用一般式。 语态：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系，用主动式；是被动关系，用被动式。 2．有特殊要求的动词或短语动词。 (1)有的动词后只能接不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。如： <span word="demand">demand</span>(要求)，<span word="plan">plan</span>，<span word="intend">intend</span>，<span word="mean">mean</span>(打算)，<span word="manage">manage</span>，<span word="do">do</span>/<span word="try">try</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="best">best</span>，<span word="make">make</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="attempt">attempt</span>(尝试)，<span word="wish">wish</span>，<span word="desire">desire</span>，<span word="expect">expect</span>，<span word="long">long</span>，<span word="would">would</span> <span word="like">like</span>，<span word="should">should</span> <span word="like">like</span>，<span word="would">would</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span>(希望，愿意)，<span word="agree">agree</span>，<span word="promise">promise</span>(同意)，<span word="determine">determine</span>，<span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="decision">decision</span>，<span word="make">make</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="mind">mind</span>(决定)，<span word="offer">offer</span>(主动提出)，<span word="apply">apply</span>(申请)，<span word="help">help</span>(帮助)，<span word="fail">fail</span>(不能、没有)，<span word="pretend">pretend</span>(假装)，<span word="refuse">refuse</span>(拒绝)，<span word="happen">happen</span>(碰巧)，<span word="afford">afford</span>(负担得起)等。 (2)有的动词或短语动词后只能接动名词而不能接不定式。如： <span word="allow">allow</span>，<span word="permit">permit</span>(允许)，<span word="consider">consider</span>(考虑)，<span word="suggest">suggest</span>，<span word="advise">advise</span>(建议)，<span word="keep">keep</span>(<span word="on">on</span>)(反复；不停)，<span word="finish">finish</span>(完成)，<span word="imagine">imagine</span>(想象)，<span word="practise">practise</span>(练习)，<span word="understand">understand</span>(明白)，<span word="appreciate">appreciate</span>，<span word="enjoy">enjoy</span>(喜欢)，<span word="miss">miss</span>(错过；怀念)，<span word="prevent">prevent</span>(阻止)，<span word="forbid">forbid</span>(禁止)，<span word="escape">escape</span>(避免)，<span word="forgive">forgive</span>，<span word="excuse">excuse</span>(原谅)，<span word="dislike">dislike</span>(厌恶)，<span word="admit">admit</span>(承认)，<span word="mind">mind</span>(介意)，<span word="risk">risk</span>(冒险)，<span word="can">can</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="stand">stand</span>(不能忍受)，<span word="burst">burst</span> <span word="out">out</span>(突然开始)，<span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="like">like</span>(想要)，<span word="insist">insist</span> <span word="on">on</span>(坚持)，<span word="delay">delay</span>，<span word="put">put</span> <span word="off">off</span>(推迟)，<span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span>(放弃)，<span word="be">be</span> <span word="busy">busy</span>(忙于)，<span word="be">be</span> <span word="worth">worth</span>(值得)等。 (3)下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同： <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>(记住去做)，<span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>(记得做过)；<span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>(忘记去做)，<span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>(忘记做过)；<span word="regret">regret</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>(遗憾地做)，<span word="regret">regret</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>(后悔做了)；<span word="try">try</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>(设法做)，<span word="try">try</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>(尝试做)；<span word="go">go</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>(接着做另一事)，<span word="go">go</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>(继续做同一事)；<span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>(打算做)，<span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>(意味着)；<span word="stop">stop</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>(停下来去做)，<span word="stop">stop</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>(停止做)；<span word="can">can</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>(不能帮助做)，<span word="can">can</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>(情不自禁做)。 (4)需要接动名词的含有介词的短语：在介词后一般用动名词，下面是一些含介词的固定短语(其中有的介词有时会被省略)。 <span word="prevent">prevent</span>/<span word="stop">stop</span>/<span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>./<span word="sth">sth</span>.<span word="from">from</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>(阻止……做……)；<span word="spend">spend</span>/<span word="waste">waste</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>(在做……方面花费/浪费时间或金钱)；<span word="how">how</span>/<span word="what">what</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.(做……怎么样)；<span word="have">have</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="difficulty">difficulty</span>/<span word="trouble">trouble</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>(在做……方面有些困难)；<span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.(做某事很艰难)；<span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> (做……是没有理由/道理的)；<span word="thank">thank</span>(<span word="excuse">excuse</span>/<span word="admire">admire</span>/<span word="praise">praise</span>/<span word="blame">blame</span>/ <span word="scold">scold</span>/<span word="punish">punish</span>)<span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="for">for</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.(因做某事而感谢原谅/羡慕/表扬/责备/惩罚某人)等。 (5)<span word="to">to</span>是介词的固定短语，常见的有： <span word="look">look</span> <span word="forward">forward</span> <span word="to">to</span>(盼望)，<span word="devote">devote</span>...<span word="to">to</span>/<span word="be">be</span> <span word="devoted">devoted</span> <span word="to">to</span>(致力于)，<span word="be">be</span>/<span word="get">get</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span>(习惯)，<span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span>(导致)，<span word="get">get</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="to">to</span>(开始做)，<span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span>(注意)，<span word="refer">refer</span> <span word="to">to</span>(谈到)，<span word="point">point</span> <span word="to">to</span>(指向)，<span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="to">to</span>(转向)，<span word="object">object</span> <span word="to">to</span>(反对)，<span word="belong">belong</span> <span word="to">to</span>(属于)等。 (6)在表示“需要”的<span word="need">need</span>，<span word="want">want</span>，<span word="require">require</span>等后用<span word="v">v</span><span word="ing">ing</span>的主动式表示被动含义，此时也可用不定式的被动式。 (7)在<span word="make">make</span>，<span word="let">let</span>，<span word="have">have</span>(使，让)等使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省略不定式符号<span word="to">to</span>，但在被动语态后作主补时要加上<span word="to">to</span>；在<span word="hear">hear</span>，<span word="see">see</span>，<span word="watch">watch</span>等感观动词后，作宾补时，用动词原形表示动作全过程，用现在分词表示动作当时正在进行，若是被动语态，动词原形前要加上<span word="to">to</span>。此外，表示情感的动词，其分词作形容词用时，<span word="v">v</span><span word="ing">ing</span>表示“令人……的”，<span word="v">v</span><span word="ed">ed</span>表示人“感到……的”。如：<span word="surprising">surprising</span>“令人吃惊的”，<span word="surprised">surprised</span>“感到吃惊的”。</p>
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