2016高考英语（浙江专用）二轮复习课件：第2部分 专题2 第4讲 主旨大意题
<p> 栏目导引 考点导学 重点突破 典题在线 知能提升 专题强 化训练 专题二</p><p> 阅读理解 专题二</p><p> 阅读理解 第四讲 主旨大意题 专题二</p><p> 阅读理解 [考情分析] 主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以概括文章或段落的中心大意以及选择标题等形式出现。主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度能力型题目，能够拉开考生的分数差距，所以此类题具有很好的选拔作用。该题型在近三年浙江卷中几乎年年都有，一般2～3个小题。主旨大意题的选项特点：正确选项通常不含细节信息和绝对 意义的词，能概括文章全部内容。干扰项通常是以以下方式 设置：(1)以偏概全：概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或者是文章主题的一个侧面。 专题二</p><p> 阅读理解 (2)断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼 作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文 的 主 要观点。(3)主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大,超 过文章实际所讨论的内容，也就是无关信息(文章中未提到 或找不到根据的信息)。 注意：因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主题，所以在 解答此类题时，考生不要急于去找答案，不论它出现在什 么位置都永远把主旨大意题作为最后一道题来做。在做完 另外几道题后,无疑会有助于考生加深对整个文章的理解。 段落大意题 72．<span word="The">The</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span> <span word="focuses">focuses</span> <span word="on">on</span> ________． <span word="A">A</span>．<span word="the">the</span> <span word="greatest">greatest</span> <span word="challenge">challenge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="B">B</span>．<span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="effective">effective</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="fitness">fitness</span> <span word="C">C</span>．<span word="the">the</span> <span word="contribution">contribution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="psychological">psychological</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="D">D</span>．<span word="the">the</span> <span word="shared">shared</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="goal">goal</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="performing">performing</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> 解析：段落大意题。第一段的开头部分讲了群体锻炼是 增 进身体健康最有效的方式之一(<span word="B">B</span>项内容)，而且群体锻炼具有挑战性(<span word="A">A</span>项内容)，后面也提到共同的目标能激励参与者努力锻炼(<span word="D">D</span>项内容),但是这些都是指群体锻炼对身体健康的益处。 根据第一段中的关键词语<span word="However">However</span>表转折，<span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span>...<span word="but">but</span>...以及<span word="Additionally">Additionally</span>后的内容可知，本段的重点是<span word="but">but</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="psy">psy</span> <span word="chological">chological</span> <span word="health">health</span>，即群体锻炼对于心理健康很有好处。 故选<span word="C">C</span>项。 <span word="C">C</span> 文章大意题 39．<span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>?_______ <span word="A">A</span>．<span word="The">The</span> <span word="disabled">disabled</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="treated">treated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="respect">respect</span>. <span word="B">B</span>．<span word="A">A</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="students">students</span>. <span word="C">C</span>．<span word="One">One</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="difficulties">difficulties</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="efforts">efforts</span>. <span word="D">D</span>．<span word="Everyone">Everyone</span> <span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="faced">faced</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="challenges">challenges</span>. 解析：主旨大意题。作者是一个有注意力障碍症的学生，因为上课不能集中精力而不得不把作业拿回家去做,在安静的环境下终于完成了.阅读材料的内容也给了他很大的启发,说 明只要不懈努力就一定能战胜困难取得成功.文章强调的是不懈努力的重要性，而不是对残障人士的尊重、老师对学生的 作用或困境中的帮助，故<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="B">B</span>、<span word="D">D</span>三项均有偏差，应选<span word="C">C</span>项。 <span word="C">C</span> 标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达形式。文章标题既考查考生 把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，又要求考生在理解全 文的基础上能较好地运用概括、归纳、判断等逻辑思维方法, 对文章的主题和中心进行高度的概括或提炼，并迅速而准确 地选择文章的标题。考生在做标题归纳类试题时要注意标题 的三个特性，即醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时要抓住文 章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语. 其主要设题形式有： 标题归纳题 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="title">title</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>? <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="title">title</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>? <span word="The">The</span> <span word="title">title</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="expresses">expresses</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="is">is</span> ________． <span word="The">The</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="suitable">suitable</span> <span word="title">title</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="is">is</span>________． <span word="What">What</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="suitable">suitable</span> <span word="title">title</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="text">text</span>? 8．<span word="What">What</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="suitable">suitable</span> <span word="title">title</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="text">text</span>?_______ <span word="A">A</span>．<span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="House">House</span> <span word="Making">Making</span> <span word="You">You</span> <span word="Fat">Fat</span>? <span word="B">B</span>．<span word="Ways">Ways</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Serving">Serving</span> <span word="Dinner">Dinner</span> <span word="C">C</span>．<span word="Effects">Effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Self">Self</span>－<span word="Consciousness">Consciousness</span> <span word="D">D</span>．<span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="Home">Home</span> <span word="Environment">Environment</span> <span word="Relaxing">Relaxing</span>? 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了墙壁的颜色、房间的亮 度、吃饭的速度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的 身材有关。因此<span word="A">A</span>项“你的房子正让你发胖吗？”最适合做 文章标题。<span word="B">B</span>项“提供正餐的方式”，<span word="C">C</span>项 “自我意识的作 用”，<span word="D">D</span>项“你家的环境令人放松吗？”，均与本文的主题不符。 <span word="A">A</span> 名师指津 选定标题的四大标准：(1)精——概括文章中心思想的语言要 精练；(2)准——注意文章的内涵和外延，作者的观点表达得 要准确；(3)统——标题要能统领文章的细节信息；(4)新—— 标题要新颖，对读者有吸引力，能激发读者的阅读兴趣。 所以选择标题时我们要做到：(1)要在阅读原文的基础上，仔 细考虑所给选项与文章主题是否有密切的联系。(2)看它对文 章的概括是否准确，覆盖面是否够广。注意避免下列三种错 误：①概括不够(多表现为以部分代替整体，从而导致范围太 小)；②过度概括(多表现为人为地扩大范围)；③以具体细节 替代主旨大意。 栏目导引 考点导学 重点突破 典题在线 知能提升 专题强 化训练 专题二</p>
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