2016届高考英语二轮语法专项课件：动词的时态和语态（新人教版）
<p> 动词的时态和语态 一、动词时态的用法 1．一般现在时 (1)由连词<span word="if">if</span>，<span word="unless">unless</span>，<span word="however">however</span>等引导的时间(条件、让步)状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。 <span word="However">However</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="advice">advice</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="him">him</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="exactly">exactly</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="wants">wants</span>.无论你给他多少建议，他只会按自己想法去做。</p><p> (2)安排或计划要做的动作(有时间状语)限于<span word="begin">begin</span>，<span word="come">come</span>，<span word="leave">leave</span>，<span word="go">go</span>，<span word="arrive">arrive</span>等一类动词。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="arrive">arrive</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span> <span word="at">at</span> 3：00 <span word="p">p</span>．<span word="m">m</span>.<span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>.我计划明天下午三点抵达北京。 2．一般过去时 过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与<span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>，<span word="often">often</span>，<span word="sometimes">sometimes</span>等时间状语连用。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="young">young</span>.小时候，我常常踢足球。 3．一般将来时 (1)<span word="will">will</span>＋<span word="do">do</span>表示将来的动作或状态，常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用；或表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势。 <span word="Fish">Fish</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="die">die</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="water">water</span>.鱼儿离开水就会死去。</p><p> 注意：临时决定做某事，只能用此时态。 —<span word="The">The</span> <span word="lights">lights</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="on">on</span>.教室里的灯还在亮着。 —<span word="Sorry">Sorry</span>，<span word="I">I</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="off">off</span>.对不起，我去关掉。 (2)<span word="be">be</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span>＋<span word="do">do</span>表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。此外还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推测。 <span word="Look">Look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="clouds">clouds</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>.看这些云，快要下雨了。 (3)<span word="be">be</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span>＋<span word="do">do</span>表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要；很快，马上”。后面一般不跟具体的时间状语，但是可以由<span word="when">when</span>连接一个并列句。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leave">leave</span>.我们马上离开。 (4)<span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span>＋<span word="do">do</span>表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情；还表示可能性、必要、责任、义务、禁止等。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="married">married</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="month">month</span>.她下个月结婚。 (5)用现在进行时表示将来。表示位置转移的动词(<span word="go">go</span>，<span word="come">come</span>，<span word="leave">leave</span>，<span word="start">start</span>，<span word="arrive">arrive</span>等)，可用现在进行时表示将来。 <span word="Uncle">Uncle</span> <span word="Wang">Wang</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="coming">coming</span>.王叔叔正在赶过来。 4．现在进行时 表示说话人对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩，常与<span word="always">always</span>，<span word="constantly">constantly</span>，<span word="continually">continually</span>等副词连用。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="asking">asking</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="question">question</span>.她总是问同样的问题。 5．现在完成时 现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，或者还要延续下去，句中常有<span word="since">since</span>，<span word="for">for</span>，<span word="yet">yet</span>，<span word="already">already</span>等表示一段时间的状语。 <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="since">since</span> 1980.自从1980年以来，中国发生了巨变。 6．过去进行时 过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的过去某个阶段正在做的事情。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>.昨天的这段时间他正在读一本有趣的书。 7．过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作或存在的状态，或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态。 <span word="My">My</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="taught">taught</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="here">here</span>.来这里之前，我的老师已经在那所学校教了十年。 (2)表示希望或打算的动词(如<span word="hope">hope</span>，<span word="want">want</span>，<span word="expect">expect</span>，<span word="think">think</span>，<span word="suppose">suppose</span>，<span word="plan">plan</span>，<span word="mean">mean</span>，<span word="intend">intend</span>等)的过去完成时，后接不定式<span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>时，表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，即“本来希望或打算做某事(但却没做)”。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="planned">planned</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="send">send</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Christmas">Christmas</span> <span word="card">card</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="forgot">forgot</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="so">so</span>.我原本打算寄张圣诞卡片给他，但是我忘记了。</p>
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