2016届高考英语二轮语法专项课件：构词法（新人教版）
<p> 构词法 一、合成法 合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词的构词法。有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词，还有的在词与词之间用连字符“”或空格隔开构成一个新单词，这个词通常叫做复合词。记住常见的复合词的构成方式是掌握合成法的关键，现就常见的复合词的构成方式分类列举并归纳如下： 1．复合名词的主要构成方式 名词＋名词 <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="test">test</span>验血；<span word="half">half</span><span word="moon">moon</span>半月(形)；<span word="silkworm">silkworm</span>蚕；<span word="classroom">classroom</span>教室；<span word="airport">airport</span>飞机场 形容词＋名词 <span word="double">double</span><span word="dealer">dealer</span>两面派；<span word="shorthand">shorthand</span>速记；<span word="greenhouse">greenhouse</span>温室 <span word="v">v</span>.<span word="ing">ing</span>＋名词 <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="room">room</span>阅览室；<span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="room">room</span>会议室；<span word="swimming">swimming</span> <span word="pool">pool</span>游泳池 动词＋名词 <span word="breakwater">breakwater</span>防波堤；<span word="pickpocket">pickpocket</span>扒手 名词＋<span word="v">v</span>.<span word="ing">ing</span> <span word="handwriting">handwriting</span>笔迹；<span word="sunbathing">sunbathing</span>日光浴 动词＋副词 <span word="get">get</span><span word="together">together</span>联欢会；<span word="breakthrough">breakthrough</span>突破 副词＋动词 <span word="downfall">downfall</span>垮台；<span word="outbreak">outbreak</span>爆发 2.复合形容词的主要构成方式 形容词＋名词＋<span word="ed">ed</span> <span word="cold">cold</span><span word="blooded">blooded</span>冷血的；<span word="kind">kind</span><span word="hearted">hearted</span>心肠好的 形容词＋名词 <span word="high">high</span><span word="class">class</span>高级的 形容词＋<span word="v">v</span>.<span word="ing">ing</span> <span word="good">good</span><span word="looking">looking</span>好看的；<span word="easy">easy</span><span word="going">going</span>随和的；<span word="fine">fine</span><span word="sounding">sounding</span>动听的 形容词＋过去分词 <span word="newborn">newborn</span>新生的；<span word="ready">ready</span><span word="made">made</span>现成的 形容词＋形容词 <span word="dark">dark</span><span word="blue">blue</span>深蓝色的；<span word="light">light</span><span word="green">green</span>浅绿色的 名词＋<span word="v">v</span>.<span word="ing">ing</span> <span word="life">life</span><span word="saving">saving</span>救生的；<span word="ocean">ocean</span><span word="going">going</span>远洋的 名词＋过去分词 <span word="handmade">handmade</span>手工制作的；<span word="ice">ice</span><span word="covered">covered</span>冰雪覆盖的 名词＋形容词 <span word="nationwide">nationwide</span>全国性的；<span word="ice">ice</span><span word="cold">cold</span>冰冷的 数词＋名词＋<span word="ed">ed</span> <span word="one">one</span><span word="eyed">eyed</span>独眼的；<span word="two">two</span><span word="faced">faced</span>双面的 数词＋名词＋形容词 <span word="five">five</span><span word="year">year</span><span word="old">old</span>五周岁的；<span word="two">two</span><span word="metre">metre</span><span word="tall">tall</span>两米高的 3.复合动词的主要构成方式 名词＋动词 <span word="sleepwalk">sleepwalk</span>梦游 副词＋动词 <span word="overcome">overcome</span>克服；<span word="undergo">undergo</span>经历； <span word="overthrow">overthrow</span>推翻；<span word="understand">understand</span>明白 形容词＋动词 <span word="white">white</span><span word="wash">wash</span>粉刷；<span word="blacklist">blacklist</span>列入黑名单 4.复合代词的主要构成方式 代词宾格或物主代词＋<span word="self">self</span>(<span word="selves">selves</span>) <span word="ourselves">ourselves</span>我们自己；<span word="herself">herself</span>她自己；<span word="themselves">themselves</span>他们自己 某些不定代词<span word="some">some</span>(<span word="any">any</span>，<span word="no">no</span>，<span word="every">every</span>)＋<span word="body">body</span>(<span word="one">one</span>，<span word="thing">thing</span>) <span word="everyone">everyone</span>；<span word="everybody">everybody</span>；<span word="everything">everything</span>；<span word="anyone">anyone</span>；<span word="anybody">anybody</span>；<span word="anything">anything</span>；<span word="nothing">nothing</span>；<span word="something">something</span> 二、转化法 转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。现就常见的转化法分类列举并归纳如下： 名词转化为动词 <span word="face">face</span>脸—<span word="face">face</span>面对 <span word="hand">hand</span>手—<span word="hand">hand</span>传递 <span word="nurse">nurse</span>护士—<span word="nurse">nurse</span>护理 形容词转化为动词 <span word="dirty">dirty</span>脏的—<span word="dirty">dirty</span>弄脏 <span word="narrow">narrow</span>窄的—<span word="narrow">narrow</span>变窄 <span word="clean">clean</span>干净的—<span word="clean">clean</span>打扫 动词转化为名词 <span word="find">find</span>发现—<span word="find">find</span>发现物 <span word="divide">divide</span>划分—<span word="divide">divide</span>分界处 <span word="waste">waste</span>浪费—<span word="waste">waste</span>废物 形容词转化为名词 <span word="daily">daily</span>每日的—<span word="daily">daily</span>日报 <span word="weekly">weekly</span>每周的—<span word="weekly">weekly</span>周刊 形容词转化为副词 <span word="real">real</span>真的—<span word="real">real</span>真正地 <span word="deep">deep</span>深的—<span word="deep">deep</span>深深地</p>
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