2016届高考英语二轮语法专项课件：名词和数词（新人教版）
<p> 名词和数词 一、名词 1．名词的数 (1)常用作复数的名词 ①有些名词只用作复数或在一些固定用法中只用作复数，如：<span word="make">make</span> <span word="preparations">preparations</span> (＝<span word="prepare">prepare</span>)。 ②成双成对的东西一般只用作复数，如：<span word="scissors">scissors</span>(剪刀)，<span word="glasses">glasses</span>，<span word="trousers">trousers</span>，<span word="shorts">shorts</span>(短裤)，<span word="socks">socks</span>(短袜)。</p><p> (2)抽象名词、物质名词具体化 <span word="beauty">beauty</span>(美，美貌)→<span word="a">a</span> <span word="beauty">beauty</span>(一个美人或一件美物) <span word="must">must</span>(必须)→<span word="a">a</span> <span word="must">must</span>(一件必要的事或物) <span word="tea">tea</span>(茶)→<span word="a">a</span> <span word="tea">tea</span>(一杯茶) 2．名词作定语 (1)用名词作定语修饰另一个名词时，通常用单数形式，如：<span word="toothbrushes">toothbrushes</span>牙刷；<span word="bookmarks">bookmarks</span>书签。 (2)<span word="man">man</span>和<span word="woman">woman</span>这两个词比较特殊，用单数还是复数取决于被修饰的名词，如：<span word="a">a</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span>一名男医生；<span word="two">two</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span>两名男医生。 (3)还有少数名词用其复数形式作定语，如：<span word="a">a</span> <span word="clothes">clothes</span> <span word="shop">shop</span>一家服装店；<span word="a">a</span> <span word="sports">sports</span> <span word="man">man</span>一名运动员。 3．名词的所有格 (1)表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾均须加'<span word="s">s</span>，如：<span word="Jane">Jane</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Mary">Mary</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="bikes">bikes</span>。 (2)表示共有的所有关系时，在最后一词末加'<span word="s">s</span>，如：<span word="Jane">Jane</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Mary">Mary</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="father">father</span>。 (3)表示“某人家”、“店铺”，所有格后的名词常省略，如：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span>'<span word="s">s</span>；<span word="the">the</span> <span word="barber">barber</span>'<span word="s">s</span>。 二、数词 1．倍数的表达法 (1)倍数＋比较级＋<span word="than">than</span> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span>.他读的书是我读过的三倍。 (2)倍数＋<span word="as">as</span>＋<span word="adj">adj</span>./<span word="adv">adv</span>.＋<span word="as">as</span> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="computers">computers</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>.我们生产的计算机是去年生产的三倍之多。 (3)倍数＋<span word="the">the</span>＋<span word="n">n</span>.(<span word="size">size</span>，<span word="length">length</span>，<span word="width">width</span>，<span word="height">height</span>...)＋<span word="of">of</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="twice">twice</span>/<span word="double">double</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="size">size</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Mexico">Mexico</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="area">area</span>.中国的面积是墨西哥面积的两倍。(比墨西哥大一倍) (4)倍数＋<span word="what">what</span>从句 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="length">length</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="road">road</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="twice">twice</span>/<span word="double">double</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>.这条路的长度是三年前的两倍长。 (5)比较级＋<span word="than">than</span>...＋<span word="by">by</span>＋倍数 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="ruler">ruler</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="twice">twice</span>.这把尺子比那把长两倍。 2．表示“每隔……”时，可以使用基数词或序数词，即“<span word="every">every</span>＋基数词＋名词复数”或“<span word="every">every</span>＋序数词＋名词单数”，如：表示“每隔两天”用<span word="every">every</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="days">days</span>或<span word="every">every</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="day">day</span>。 根据汉语提示完成句子 1．<span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="library">library</span> <span word="is">is</span> ______________ (他们的两倍大)． 2．—<span word="What">What</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="project">project</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="forward">forward</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Blacks">Blacks</span>? —<span word="Considering">Considering</span> <span word="its">its</span> ________________(实际价值)，<span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="putting">putting</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="practice">practice</span>，<span word="I">I</span> <span word="suppose">suppose</span>.</p>
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