2016届高考英语二轮语法专项课件：虚拟语气（新人教版）
<p> 虚拟语气 一、以<span word="if">if</span>条件从句为虚拟语气标志 时态 从句动词形式 主句动词形式 与现在事实相反 <span word="did">did</span> <span word="would">would</span>/<span word="could">could</span>/<span word="should">should</span>/<span word="might">might</span> <span word="do">do</span> 与将来事实相反 (1)<span word="did">did</span> (2)<span word="were">were</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> (3)<span word="should">should</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="would">would</span>/<span word="could">could</span>/<span word="should">should</span>/<span word="might">might</span> <span word="do">do</span> 与过去事实相反 <span word="had">had</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="would">would</span>/<span word="could">could</span>/<span word="should">should</span>/<span word="might">might</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> 注意以下两个方面： 1．含蓄条件句 有时虚拟语气并不总是用<span word="if">if</span>引导的条件句来表示，而是通过一些词或短语表示出来。这些词或短语引出的条件句与<span word="if">if</span>引导的条件句意义相似，如<span word="but">but</span> <span word="for">for</span>，<span word="with">with</span>，<span word="without">without</span>，<span word="otherwise">otherwise</span>，<span word="or">or</span>，<span word="but">but</span>等。其中<span word="but">but</span> <span word="for">for</span>相当于<span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="for">for</span>/<span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="for">for</span>，表示“要不是……”。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="wouldn">wouldn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="survived">survived</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="neighbour">neighbour</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="timely">timely</span> <span word="help">help</span>.</p><p> 2．在虚拟条件句中有时<span word="if">if</span>是可以省略的，当<span word="if">if</span>被省略后，要将从句中的<span word="were">were</span>，<span word="had">had</span>，<span word="should">should</span>置于句首，构成倒装结构。 <span word="Were">Were</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="here">here</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="settle">settle</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="issue">issue</span>. 二、<span word="suggest">suggest</span>等动词及其相应的名词后跟的从句中虚拟语气的用法 1．宾语从句 <span word="suggest">suggest</span>等表示建议、愿望、命令等的动词后跟的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，从句谓语的结构为“<span word="should">should</span>＋动词原形”，其中<span word="should">should</span>可以省略。类似用法的动词还有<span word="order">order</span>，<span word="request">request</span>，<span word="advise">advise</span>，<span word="require">require</span>，<span word="insist">insist</span>，<span word="demand">demand</span>，<span word="command">command</span>等。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> (<span word="should">should</span>) <span word="take">take</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="rest">rest</span>. 2．主语从句 在“<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span>/<span word="has">has</span>/<span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span>＋<span word="that">that</span>引导的主语从句”中，主语从句要用虚拟语气， 即“<span word="should">should</span>＋动词原形”结构，其中<span word="should">should</span>可以省略。和<span word="suggest">suggest</span>用法一样的动词还有<span word="demand">demand</span>，<span word="order">order</span>，<span word="advise">advise</span>，<span word="require">require</span>，<span word="propose">propose</span>等。 另外，在“<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span> <span word="important">important</span>(<span word="necessary">necessary</span>，<span word="desirable">desirable</span>，<span word="advisable">advisable</span>等)＋<span word="that">that</span>引导的主语从句”中，从句也常用虚拟语气，谓语用“<span word="should">should</span>＋动词原形”结构，其中<span word="should">should</span>可以省略。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="building">building</span> (<span word="should">should</span>) <span word="be">be</span> <span word="pulled">pulled</span> <span word="down">down</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> (<span word="should">should</span>) <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sent">sent</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="once">once</span>. 3．表语从句 当<span word="suggestion">suggestion</span>，<span word="order">order</span>，<span word="proposal">proposal</span>，<span word="demand">demand</span>等名词作主语时，其后的表语从句中要用虚拟语气“<span word="should">should</span>＋动词原形”结构，其中<span word="should">should</span>可以省略。 <span word="My">My</span> <span word="advice">advice</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> (<span word="should">should</span>) <span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span>. 4．同位语从句 在<span word="suggestion">suggestion</span>，<span word="advice">advice</span>，<span word="order">order</span>，<span word="proposal">proposal</span>，<span word="demand">demand</span>等名词后跟的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用“<span word="should">should</span>＋动词原形”结构，其中<span word="should">should</span>可以省略。 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="suggestion">suggestion</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> (<span word="should">should</span>) <span word="set">set</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="at">at</span> 5：00 <span word="a">a</span>．<span word="m">m</span>.<span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="enough">enough</span>. 三、虚拟语气的特殊句型 1．<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> (<span word="high">high</span>/<span word="about">about</span>) <span word="time">time</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="did">did</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> (<span word="high">high</span>/<span word="about">about</span>) <span word="time">time</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="did">did</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.(<span word="that">that</span>可以省略)表示“是某人做某事的时候了”，此句型应用虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时。另外，也可使用<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> (<span word="high">high</span>/<span word="about">about</span>) <span word="time">time</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="should">should</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.结构，其中<span word="should">should</span>不能省略。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> 11：00 <span word="now">now</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="time">time</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="you">you</span> <span word="went">went</span>/<span word="should">should</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bed">bed</span>. 2．<span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="did">did</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>. 当表示“宁愿某人做某事”时，如果是没有发生的动作，从句用一般过去时，即<span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="did">did</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.；如果是已经发生的动作，从句用过去完成时，即<span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="had">had</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.。 <span word="I">I</span>'<span word="d">d</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>.</p>
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