2017届高考英语一轮语法专题复习课件：1 名词和冠词（牛津译林版）
<p> 语法专题突破 语法专题一 名词和冠词 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点一 名词的数 1.不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数之分,它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。下列名词通常用作不可数名词:<span word="fun">fun</span>,<span word="advice">advice</span>,<span word="weather">weather</span>,<span word="progress">progress</span>,<span word="information">information</span>,<span word="bread">bread</span>,<span word="butter">butter</span>,<span word="baggage">baggage</span>,<span word="clothing">clothing</span>,<span word="equipment">equipment</span>,<span word="furniture">furniture</span>,<span word="homework">homework</span>,<span word="juice">juice</span>,<span word="luggage">luggage</span>,<span word="luck">luck</span>,<span word="music">music</span>,<span word="milk">milk</span>,<span word="meat">meat</span>,<span word="production">production</span>,<span word="permission">permission</span>,<span word="thought">thought</span>,<span word="rubber">rubber</span>,<span word="rice">rice</span>,<span word="soup">soup</span>,<span word="wealth">wealth</span>,<span word="health">health</span>,<span word="glass">glass</span>,<span word="wood">wood</span>,<span word="English">English</span>,<span word="America">America</span>等。 (2015·安徽)<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="now">now</span>.<span word="Give">Give</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="know">know</span>. 不必现在给我答案,思考一下然后再告诉我。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 2.有些名词通常只用作复数。如:<span word="glasses">glasses</span>眼镜,<span word="clothes">clothes</span>衣服,<span word="goods">goods</span>货物,<span word="trousers">trousers</span>裤子,<span word="belongings">belongings</span>所有物,<span word="wages">wages</span>工资,<span word="riches">riches</span>财富,<span word="surroundings">surroundings</span>环境,<span word="ashes">ashes</span>灰尘,<span word="compasses">compasses</span>圆规,<span word="cattle">cattle</span>牛,<span word="congratulations">congratulations</span>祝贺。有些固定搭配中的名词通常用复数。如:<span word="have">have</span> <span word="words">words</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.同某人吵架,<span word="in">in</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="spirits">spirits</span> 情绪低落,<span word="give">give</span> <span word="one">one</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="regards">regards</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.向某人问候,<span word="in">in</span> <span word="rags">rags</span>衣衫褴褛,<span word="have">have</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="manners">manners</span> 有礼貌。 (2017·陕西)—<span word="I">I</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="library">library</span>. —<span word="Congratulations">Congratulations</span>!<span word="That">That</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="news">news</span>. ——我找到那份我想要的在公共图书馆的工作了。 ——祝贺了。那是好消息啊。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 (2017·湖北)<span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Lucy">Lucy</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="spirits">spirits</span>? 露西为什么情绪低落? 3.有些名词既可以用作可数名词,也可以用作不可数名词,但意义不同。<span word="work">work</span>当表示“工作”时为不可数名词,但当表示“作品;著作”时则为可数名词。<span word="room">room</span>“空间”(不可数),“房间”(可数);<span word="experience">experience</span> “经验”(不可数),“经历”(可数);<span word="paper">paper</span>“纸”(不可数),“报纸、文件、试卷”(可数)。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点二 抽象名词、物质名词的具体化、量化 1.抽象名词通常表示某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪、思维等时为不可数名词。若与定冠词连用表特指内容,如<span word="the">the</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sound">sound</span> 声学。若泛指一般概念、意义,则不与任何冠词连用。 2.有些物质名词可以具体为有形或有数量的相应物体,作单数、复数都可以。<span word="some">some</span> <span word="coffee">coffee</span>一些咖啡/<span word="a">a</span> <span word="coffee">coffee</span> 一杯咖啡,<span word="drink">drink</span> 饮料/<span word="two">two</span> <span word="drinks">drinks</span> 两杯饮料,<span word="ice">ice</span> 冰/<span word="two">two</span> <span word="ices">ices</span> 两份冰激凌等。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="drinks">drinks</span> <span word="near">near</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="phone">phone</span>. 你应当永远都不要把饮料放到手机附近。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点三 不定冠词<span word="a">a</span>/<span word="an">an</span>的用法 1.用在首次提到的人或物的可数名词单数前面,泛指某(一)个人或某(一)件事物。 (2015·重庆)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bank">bank</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="Dora">Dora</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="robbed">robbed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="gunman">gunman</span> <span word="wearing">wearing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mask">mask</span>. 我刚刚听说一个戴面具的持枪歹徒抢劫了多拉工作的那家银行。</p>
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