2017届高考英语一轮语法专题复习课件：9 虚拟语气（牛津译林版）
<p> 语法专题九 虚拟语气 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点一 虚拟语气用于条件句中</p><p> 1.表示与现在事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用过去式(<span word="be">be</span>的过去式用<span word="were">were</span>);主句中谓语用<span word="would">would</span>/<span word="should">should</span> /<span word="could">could</span>/<span word="might">might</span>+动词原形。 (2017·北京)<span word="We">We</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hotel">hotel</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="lose">lose</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="map">map</span>. 如果你没丢失地图的话,我们现在就回到旅馆了。 2.表示与过去事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语用<span word="had">had</span>+过去分词;主句中谓语用<span word="would">would</span>/<span word="should">should</span>/<span word="could">could</span>/<span word="might">might</span>+<span word="have">have</span>+过去分词。 (2017·湖南)<span word="If">If</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Dewey">Dewey</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="present">present</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="offered">offered</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="assistance">assistance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="there">there</span>. 如果杜威先生在场的话,他会给那里的人们尽可能地提供帮助。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 3.表示与将来的事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语用过去式或<span word="should">should</span>+动词原形或<span word="were">were</span> <span word="to">to</span>+动词原形;主句中谓语用<span word="would">would</span>/<span word="should">should</span>/<span word="could">could</span>/<span word="might">might</span>+动词原形。 <span word="Grace">Grace</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="move">move</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="thinks">thinks</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span>/<span word="should">should</span> <span word="live">live</span>/<span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="there">there</span>,<span word="she">she</span> <span word="wouldn">wouldn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="often">often</span>. 格雷丝不想搬到纽约去,因为她认为如果她住在那儿的话,就不能经常见到她的父母了。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 4.虚拟条件句 有时候假设的情况不以<span word="if">if</span>引导的条件句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有:<span word="without">without</span>,<span word="with">with</span>,<span word="but">but</span> <span word="for">for</span>(要是没有),<span word="otherwise">otherwise</span>,<span word="or">or</span>,<span word="but">but</span>等。 (2015·重庆)<span word="Without">Without</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="wartime">wartime</span> <span word="experiences">experiences</span>,<span word="Hemingway">Hemingway</span> <span word="wouldn">wouldn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="novel">novel</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="Farewell">Farewell</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Arms">Arms</span>. 如果没有战时的经历,海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了,武器》。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="advice">advice</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="successfully">successfully</span>. 要是没有你的建议,我就不会这么成功。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="busy">busy</span> <span word="then">then</span>;<span word="otherwise">otherwise</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 那时我太忙了,否则我就去帮他了。 (2017·浙江)<span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="months">months</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="carrying">carrying</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="investigation">investigation</span>,<span word="or">or</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="help">help</span>. 我们开展这项调查的几个月间他们在国外,否则他们会来帮助我们的。 5.错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据主从句所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 (2017·北京)<span word="If">If</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="booked">booked</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="table">table</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span>,<span word="we">we</span> <span word="wouldn">wouldn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="queue">queue</span>. 如果我们早点儿预订一张桌子,我们就不用站在这儿排队了。(从句说的是过去的情况,主句说的是现在的情况) <span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="you">you</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span>. 如果我是你,我就会出国了。(从句说的是现在的情况,主句说的是过去的情况) 6.省略<span word="if">if</span>的虚拟语气 如果<span word="if">if</span>从句中含有<span word="were">were</span>/<span word="should">should</span>/<span word="had">had</span>时,则可以省略<span word="if">if</span>,把这三个词置于句首,采用倒装语序。 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="you">you</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="party">party</span>.→<span word="Were">Were</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="you">you</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="party">party</span>. 如果我是你,我会去参加聚会。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="happen">happen</span>,<span word="what">what</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="do">do</span>?→<span word="Should">Should</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="happen">happen</span>,<span word="what">what</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="do">do</span>? 如果那件事真的发生了,你会做什么? <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>.→<span word="Had">Had</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>. 如果你早点来的话,你就赶上那辆公交车了。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点二 <span word="wish">wish</span>宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法</p>
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