2016届高考英语二轮复习讲义课件：第2部分 题型专题突破 专题1 第2讲（全国卷Ⅱ）
<p> 专题一</p><p> 阅读理解 第二讲 主旨大意题 专题一</p><p> 阅读理解 主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以概括中心大意、选择标题以及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开考生的分数差距，所以将此类题设为高考试题具有很好的选拔作用。也可以说，此类题属于能力型题目。 常见的命题方式有：1.<span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="title">title</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>? 2．<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="title">title</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>? 3．<span word="What">What</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="text">text</span>? 4．<span word="The">The</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="that">that</span> ________． 1．标题归纳类主旨大意题 考生在做标题归纳类试题时要注意标题的三个特性，即醒目 性、概括性和针对性。解题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段 的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。</p><p> (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ，阅读理解<span word="B">B</span>，节选)<span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="figure">figure</span>.<span word="Experts">Experts</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="pack">pack</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pounds">pounds</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="off">off</span>.<span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="you">you</span>.<span word="Here">Here</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="diet">diet</span> <span word="plan">plan</span>. <span word="Open">Open</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="curtains">curtains</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lights">lights</span>.<span word="Dark">Dark</span> <span word="environments">environments</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="encourage">encourage</span> <span word="overeating">overeating</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="self">self</span>－<span word="conscious">conscious</span> (难为情) <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span>’<span word="re">re</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="poorly">poorly</span> <span word="lit">lit</span> <span word="places">places</span>—<span word="and">and</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="eat">eat</span> <span word="lots">lots</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="food">food</span>.<span word="If">If</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="window">window</span> <span word="light">light</span>，<span word="get">get</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="lamps">lamps</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="flood">flood</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="brightness">brightness</span>. <span word="Mind">Mind</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="colors">colors</span>.<span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="warm">warm</span> <span word="colors">colors</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="appetites">appetites</span>.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="study">study</span>，<span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="ate">ate</span> <span word="meals">meals</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="blue">blue</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="consumed">consumed</span> 33 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="yellow">yellow</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="red">red</span> <span word="room">room</span>.<span word="Warm">Warm</span> <span word="colors">colors</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="yellow">yellow</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="appetizing">appetizing</span>，<span word="while">while</span> <span word="cold">cold</span> <span word="colors">colors</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="hungry">hungry</span>.<span word="So">So</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="it">it</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="repaint">repaint</span>，<span word="go">go</span> <span word="blue">blue</span>. <span word="Don">Don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="clock">clock</span>—<span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="radio">radio</span>.<span word="People">People</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="eat">eat</span> <span word="slowly">slowly</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="consume">consume</span> <span word="about">about</span> 70 <span word="fewer">fewer</span> <span word="calories">calories</span> (卡路里) <span word="per">per</span> <span word="meal">meal</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="rush">rush</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="meals">meals</span>.<span word="Begin">Begin</span> <span word="keeping">keeping</span> <span word="track">track</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="dinner">dinner</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> 30 <span word="minutes">minutes</span>.<span word="And">And</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="you">you</span>’<span word="re">re</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="it">it</span>，<span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="sit">sit</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="eat">eat</span>.<span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="slowing">slowing</span> <span word="down">down</span>，<span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="relaxing">relaxing</span> <span word="music">music</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rush">rush</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="meal">meal</span>. <span word="Downsize">Downsize</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dishes">dishes</span>.<span word="Big">Big</span> <span word="serving">serving</span> <span word="bowls">bowls</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="plates">plates</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="fat">fat</span>.<span word="We">We</span> <span word="eat">eat</span> <span word="about">about</span> 22 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="a">a</span> 12－<span word="inch">inch</span> <span word="plate">plate</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> 10－<span word="inch">inch</span> <span word="plate">plate</span>.<span word="When">When</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="spoon">spoon</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span> <span word="one">one</span>，<span word="total">total</span> <span word="intake">intake</span> (摄入) <span word="jumps">jumps</span> <span word="by">by</span> 14 <span word="percent">percent</span>.<span word="And">And</span> <span word="we">we</span>’<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="pour">pour</span> <span word="about">about</span> 30 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="liquid">liquid</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="short">short</span>，<span word="wide">wide</span> <span word="glass">glass</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tall">tall</span>，<span word="skinny">skinny</span> <span word="glass">glass</span>. 8．<span word="What">What</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="suitable">suitable</span> <span word="title">title</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="text">text</span>?_________ <span word="A">A</span>．<span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="House">House</span> <span word="Making">Making</span> <span word="You">You</span> <span word="Fat">Fat</span>? <span word="B">B</span>．<span word="Ways">Ways</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Serving">Serving</span> <span word="Dinner">Dinner</span> <span word="C">C</span>．<span word="Effects">Effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Self">Self</span>－<span word="Consciousness">Consciousness</span> <span word="D">D</span>．<span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="Home">Home</span> <span word="Environment">Environment</span> <span word="Relaxing">Relaxing</span>? <span word="A">A</span> 【解析】 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了墙壁的颜色、房间的亮度、吃饭的速度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的身材有关。因此<span word="A">A</span>项“你的房子正让你发胖吗？”最适合做文章标题。<span word="B">B</span>项“提供正餐的方式”，<span word="C">C</span>项 “自我意识的作用”，<span word="D">D</span>项“你家的环境令人放松吗？”，均与本文的主题不符。 方法点津 领悟主旨要义 避免以偏概全 标题归纳类主旨大意题考查考生对文章的领悟和概括能力。所选文章题目必须能概括全文的中心内容，即标题涵盖性 强，能覆盖全文；标题要体现主题，既不能“太大”，也不 能过于片面，即标题所指的范围要恰当；标题准确性要强，表意准确，与文章的感情色彩相同。总之，考生应认真揣摩作者的写作意图，弄清文章的篇章结构，避免以下三种错 误：概括不够(多表现为部分代替整体)；过度概括(多表现 为人为扩大范围)；以事实或细节代替抽象概念的大意。 2．文章大意类主旨大意题 一篇文章总是有中心思想的，获取文章中心思想的方法就是找主题句。主题句通常在首段或结尾段，但有时也会出现在文章的中间段落。因此，在阅读时要对文章的首段和结尾段及各个段落的主题句给予特别的关注。</p>
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