2017届高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破课件：第5讲 时态和语态（牛津译林版）
<p> 四、完成进行时</p><p> 各种时态 具体用法 例句 现在 完成 进行 时 现在完成进行时由“<span word="have">have</span>/<span word="has">has</span>＋<span word="been">been</span>＋<span word="v">v</span>.<span word="ing">ing</span>形式”构成，表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去，常和<span word="for">for</span>，<span word="since">since</span>引导的时间状语连用。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="manager">manager</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="telling">telling</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="program">program</span> <span word="since">since</span> 9 <span word="a">a</span>．<span word="m">m</span>.. 自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改善这一方案。 各种时态 具体用法 例句 过去 完成 进行时 过去完成进行时主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。过去完成进行时由“<span word="had">had</span>＋<span word="been">been</span>＋<span word="v">v</span>.<span word="ing">ing</span>”构成。表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去某一时间。这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。 ①<span word="She">She</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="studying">studying</span> <span word="French">French</span> <span word="for">for</span> 5 <span word="years">years</span>. 她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续) ②<span word="She">She</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="hour">hour</span>.她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续) <span word="B">B</span> <span word="D">D</span> 3．(2017·高考福建卷)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="sport">sport</span> <span word="and">and</span> ________ <span word="badminton">badminton</span> <span word="classes">classes</span> <span word="twice">twice</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="week">week</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span>. <span word="A">A</span>．<span word="took">took</span></p><p> <span word="B">B</span>．<span word="is">is</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="C">C</span>．<span word="takes">takes</span></p><p> <span word="D">D</span>．<span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="taking">taking</span></p><p> <span word="D">D</span> 1．被动语态的构成为“<span word="be">be</span>＋过去分词”，只要变换<span word="be">be</span>的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态，除<span word="be">be</span>外被动语态的构成形式还有：<span word="get">get</span>/<span word="become">become</span>＋过去分词。 2．只要及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语有：<span word="last">last</span>，<span word="cost">cost</span>，<span word="spread">spread</span>，<span word="happen">happen</span>(<span word="to">to</span>)，<span word="take">take</span> <span word="place">place</span>，<span word="belong">belong</span> <span word="to">to</span>，<span word="break">break</span> <span word="out">out</span>，<span word="go">go</span> <span word="out">out</span>，<span word="run">run</span> <span word="out">out</span>，<span word="work">work</span> <span word="out">out</span>等。 3．主动表示被动意义的几种情况 形式 用法 例句 主 动 形 式 表 示 被 动 意 义 (1)英语中有很多动词，如<span word="break">break</span>，<span word="catch">catch</span>,<span word="clean">clean</span>，<span word="drive">drive</span>,<span word="lock">lock</span>.<span word="wear">wear</span>,<span word="open">open</span>，<span word="sell">sell</span>，<span word="read">read</span>，<span word="write">write</span>，<span word="wash">wash</span>等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物；在这种情况下,常常和<span word="easily">easily</span>,<span word="well">well</span>等副词连用。 ①<span word="The">The</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> <span word="writes">writes</span> <span word="smoothly">smoothly</span>. 他昨天买的这支钢笔书写流畅。 ②—<span word="What">What</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="books">books</span>? ——这些书怎么样？ —<span word="Books">Books</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="sell">sell</span> <span word="well">well</span>. ——这种书很畅销。 形式 用法 例句 主 动 形 式 表 示 被 动 意 义 (2)表示感受、感官的系动词如<span word="feel">feel</span>，<span word="sound">sound</span>，<span word="taste">taste</span>，<span word="look">look</span>等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="sounds">sounds</span> <span word="reasonable">reasonable</span>. 你的理由听起来很合理。 (3)在<span word="need">need</span>，<span word="want">want</span>，<span word="require">require</span>，<span word="deserve">deserve</span>，<span word="bear">bear</span>等动词及形容词<span word="worth">worth</span>的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 ①<span word="The">The</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="grandmother">grandmother</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="repairing">repairing</span>/<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="repaired">repaired</span>.他祖母住的房子需要维修。 ②<span word="The">The</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="reading">reading</span>. 这本图画书非常值得一读。 形式 用法 例句 主 动 表 示 被 动 句 式 (1)在“主语(人/物)＋<span word="be">be</span>＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，不定式的主动形式可表示被动意义。这些形容词有<span word="nice">nice</span>，<span word="easy">easy</span>，<span word="fit">fit</span>，<span word="hard">hard</span>，<span word="difficult">difficult</span>，<span word="important">important</span>，<span word="impossible">impossible</span>，<span word="pleasant">pleasant</span>等。 <span word="As">As</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="know">know</span>，<span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span>，<span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="foreigner">foreigner</span>.正如你所知，汉语难学，尤其是对一个外国人来说。 (2)<span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rent">rent</span>/<span word="blame">blame</span>/<span word="let">let</span>也属于主动形式表被动意义。 ①<span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="blame">blame</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mistake">mistake</span>？谁应为这个错误接受谴责？ ②<span word="As">As</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="know">know</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="corner">corner</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="let">let</span>.就我所知,街道拐角的那栋高楼要出租。 <span word="C">C</span></p>
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