2017届福建省高考英语一轮复习题型备考课件：题型备考四 短文改错（新人教版）
<p> 命题规律 实例剖析 题型备考指导：短文改错 -*- 1.短文改错的基本能力要求 (1)纠正语篇中语言使用错误的能力</p><p> (2)在语篇中综合运用英语知识的能力</p><p> 2.设题规律 (1)题目一般都设计得比较灵活,知识覆盖面广,考点可分为三类:词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑错误。 (2)改错考点分布平均的规律。 (3)错误的形式分别为缺词(1个)、多词(1个)和错词(8个),改错词是最主要的形式,是考查的重点。 (4)错误以句为单位,每句最多两处。 -*- 3.考点及分布 短文改错的考点涉及名词、冠词、动词、情态动词、介词、形容词、副词和连词。 2017年课标全国Ⅰ考查了名词、冠词、动词、介词各1个;连词和形容词2个、副词2个。2015年课标全国Ⅰ考查了名词、连词、冠词、形容词与副词、介词各1个;代词2个、动词3个(其中包括情态动词)。 4.篇长和词汇量 文章通常100词左右,语言材料较简单,通常为学生习作。词汇量要求较低,不涉及单词拼写错误,无超纲单词。但对句法结构考查能力要求较高。 -*- 5.命题趋势 (1)题材应该仍然是类似于学生的习作,符合学生的实际水平;体裁采用记叙文(2017和2015年均为记叙文)的可能性较大,也可能涉及应用文或议论文。 (2)考点规律应继续维持8∶1∶1(8处修改、1处加词、1处删词),同时考点分布广泛,其中会以考查动词为主。 (3)句法结构表达灵活,其中不乏结构复杂的句子,难度有可能加大。 (4)考点一般不会重复考查。 -*- (1)平时注意语言知识的准确性,常用词的使用应合乎规范。 (2)注意词的搭配和习惯用法。 (3)多读多背地道短文,增强语感。 (4)留意高频率的错误现象。 (5)科学训练,规范改法。 -*- 实例 剖析 (2015·课标全国Ⅰ)<span word="When">When</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="child">child</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="hoped">hoped</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="happy">happy</span> <span word="there">there</span>.<span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="city">city</span>,<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="miss">miss</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="countryside">countryside</span>.<span word="There">There</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mountains">mountains</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="green">green</span>.<span word="Unfortunately">Unfortunately</span>,<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="industrialization">industrialization</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="polluted">polluted</span>.<span word="Lots">Lots</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="warming">warming</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="seriously">seriously</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="airs">airs</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="breathe">breathe</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="dirtier">dirtier</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dirtier">dirtier</span>.<span word="Much">Much</span> <span word="rare">rare</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="dying">dying</span> <span word="out">out</span>.<span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="protect">protect</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="environment">environment</span>.<span word="If">If</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="fail">fail</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="so">so</span>,<span word="we">we</span>’<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="regret">regret</span> <span word="it">it</span>. -*- 实例 剖析 1.本文为记叙文体裁,主要讲述了自己居住在城市里的生活环境受到工业的影响,遭到了破坏,污染严重。全文共有10个句子,考点分布均匀。 2.设题方式 (1)考查动词 考查动词主要涉及动词的时态变化,动词的语态形式和动词的非谓语动词形式;还包括考查情态动词的用法。 (2)考查冠词 考点涉及不定冠词的混用,不定冠词与定冠词的混用或缺失;固定结构中冠词的误用或缺失。 -*- 实例 剖析 1.动词 第二句:<span word="think">think</span>→<span word="thought">thought</span> 考查动词时态。文章以过去时开头,后来出现<span word="Now">Now</span>,因此判断<span word="Now">Now</span>之前为过去时间,<span word="Now">Now</span>之后为现在时间,所以<span word="think">think</span>要改为<span word="thought">thought</span>,表示“原以为”。 第六句:删掉<span word="been">been</span> 考查被动语态。句意:许多研究已经表明,<span word="studies">studies</span>与<span word="show">show</span>之间为主动关系,不应使用被动语态,因此去掉<span word="been">been</span>。 第九句:<span word="found">found</span>→<span word="find">find</span> 考查情态动词。情态动词后必须使用动词原形,故应将<span word="found">found</span>改为<span word="find">find</span>。 2.冠词 第三句:<span word="in">in</span>和<span word="country">country</span>之间加<span word="the">the</span> 考查定冠词。<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="countryside">countryside</span> 为固定短语,<span word="countryside">countryside</span>前必须用定冠词。 -*- 实例 剖析 (3)考查连词 考点涉及上下文逻辑关系,从属连词以及并列连词的误用。 (4)考查介词</p>
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