2017届高考英语一轮复习词法课件：构词法（全国通用）
<p> 一、名词变成形容词 后缀 例词 -<span word="able">able</span>/-<span word="ible">ible</span>(能够) <span word="valuable">valuable</span>有价值的，<span word="responsible">responsible</span>有责任的 -<span word="ish">ish</span>(稍/略……，似……的，……国家的) <span word="selfish">selfish</span>自私的，<span word="childish">childish</span>孩子气的，<span word="British">British</span>英国的 -<span word="al">al</span>(……的) <span word="natural">natural</span>自然界的，<span word="cultural">cultural</span>文化的 -(<span word="a">a</span>)<span word="n">n</span>/-<span word="ian">ian</span>/-<span word="ese">ese</span> (人的，地方的) <span word="American">American</span>美国(人)的，<span word="Russian">Russian</span>俄国(人)的；<span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>中国(人)的 -<span word="less">less</span>(无，不) <span word="careless">careless</span>粗心的，<span word="useless">useless</span>无用的 -<span word="en">en</span>(由……制成) <span word="wooden">wooden</span>木制的，<span word="woolen">woolen</span>羊毛制的 -<span word="ly">ly</span>(像……的) <span word="friendly">friendly</span>友好的，<span word="manly">manly</span>有男人气概的，<span word="lovely">lovely</span>可爱的 -<span word="ern">ern</span>(表方向) <span word="northern">northern</span>北方的，<span word="southern">southern</span>南方的 -<span word="ous">ous</span>(有……性质的) <span word="nervous">nervous</span>紧张的，<span word="dangerous">dangerous</span>危险的，<span word="ambitious">ambitious</span>有雄心的 -<span word="ful">ful</span>(充满……的) <span word="useful">useful</span>有用的，<span word="helpful">helpful</span>有帮助的 -<span word="ward">ward</span>(向……) <span word="downward">downward</span>下楼，<span word="backward">backward</span>后退 -<span word="ic">ic</span>/<span word="ical">ical</span>(有……性质的) <span word="economic">economic</span>经济的，<span word="political">political</span>政治的 -<span word="y">y</span>(有……性质的) <span word="noisy">noisy</span>噪音的，<span word="snowy">snowy</span>下雪的，<span word="dirty">dirty</span>脏的，<span word="thirsty">thirsty</span>口渴的 二、动词变成形容词 后缀 例词 -<span word="ous">ous</span> <span word="continuous">continuous</span>持续的，<span word="various">various</span>各种各样的 -<span word="able">able</span> <span word="acceptable">acceptable</span>可接受的，<span word="eatable">eatable</span>可食用的 -<span word="ed">ed</span>/-<span word="ing">ing</span> <span word="interested">interested</span>感兴趣的，<span word="interesting">interesting</span>有趣的 -<span word="ive">ive</span>(有……倾向的) <span word="attractive">attractive</span>有吸引力的，<span word="creative">creative</span>创造性的 不规则动词 <span word="broken">broken</span>(<span word="break">break</span>)破碎的；<span word="lost">lost</span>(<span word="lose">lose</span>)丢失的，迷失的 三、动词变成名词 后缀 例词 -<span word="ance">ance</span> <span word="acceptance">acceptance</span>接受，<span word="appearance">appearance</span>出现，<span word="disappearance">disappearance</span>消失，<span word="entrance">entrance</span>入口 -<span word="ence">ence</span> <span word="difference">difference</span>差别，<span word="dependence">dependence</span>依赖，<span word="existence">existence</span>存在，<span word="preference">preference</span>偏爱，<span word="reference">reference</span>参考 -<span word="al">al</span> <span word="arrival">arrival</span>到达，<span word="denial">denial</span>否认，<span word="survival">survival</span>幸存，<span word="refusal">refusal</span>拒绝 -<span word="ar">ar</span> <span word="beggar">beggar</span>乞丐 -<span word="ion">ion</span> <span word="examination">examination</span>检查，<span word="imagination">imagination</span>想象力，<span word="education">education</span>教育，<span word="decision">decision</span>决定 -<span word="ment">ment</span> <span word="achievement">achievement</span>成就，<span word="agreement">agreement</span>同意，<span word="argument">argument</span>争论，<span word="development">development</span>发展，<span word="encouragement">encouragement</span>鼓励 -<span word="er">er</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>教师，<span word="worker">worker</span>工人，<span word="waiter">waiter</span>男侍者 -<span word="ess">ess</span> <span word="actress">actress</span>女演员，<span word="hostess">hostess</span>女主人，<span word="waitress">waitress</span>女侍者 -<span word="or">or</span> <span word="operator">operator</span>接线员，<span word="conductor">conductor</span>售票员，<span word="visitor">visitor</span>游客，<span word="actor">actor</span>男演员 四、形容词变成副词 后缀 例词 直接加-<span word="ly">ly</span> <span word="careful">careful</span>小心的→<span word="carefully">carefully</span>小心地 改<span word="y">y</span>为-<span word="ily">ily</span> <span word="happy">happy</span>幸福的→<span word="happily">happily</span>幸福地 以<span word="e">e</span>结尾的形容词通常直接加-<span word="ly">ly</span> <span word="immediate">immediate</span>立即的→<span word="immediately">immediately</span>立即地 去<span word="e">e</span>加-<span word="ly">ly</span>(这种情况少见) <span word="true">true</span>确实的→<span word="truly">truly</span>确实地 注：形容词加-<span word="ly">ly</span>构成的副词与该形容词意义相同。 五、形容词变成名词 后缀 例词 -<span word="ness">ness</span> <span word="illness">illness</span>疾病，<span word="sickness">sickness</span>疾病，<span word="carefulness">carefulness</span>细心，<span word="happiness">happiness</span>幸福 -<span word="y">y</span>/-<span word="ity">ity</span> <span word="difficulty">difficulty</span>困难，<span word="possibility">possibility</span>可能性，<span word="ability">ability</span>能力，<span word="activity">activity</span>活动 -<span word="ism">ism</span> <span word="socialism">socialism</span>社会主义 六、形容词变成动词 后缀 例词 -<span word="en">en</span> <span word="widen">widen</span>使加宽，<span word="shorten">shorten</span>使缩短，<span word="soften">soften</span>使软化，<span word="sharpen">sharpen</span>使锋利 -<span word="ize">ize</span> <span word="civilize">civilize</span>使开化，<span word="modernize">modernize</span>使现代化 -<span word="ify">ify</span>/-<span word="fy">fy</span> <span word="simplify">simplify</span>使简化，<span word="beautify">beautify</span>使美化 前缀 例词 <span word="en">en</span>- <span word="enable">enable</span>使能够，<span word="enrich">enrich</span>使富有，<span word="enlarge">enlarge</span>扩大 七、名词变成名词(人) 后缀 例词 -<span word="er">er</span> <span word="farmer">farmer</span>农场主，<span word="villager">villager</span>村民，<span word="geographer">geographer</span>地理学者 -<span word="ese">ese</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>中国人，<span word="Japanese">Japanese</span>日本人 -<span word="ian">ian</span>/-(<span word="a">a</span>)<span word="n">n</span> <span word="musician">musician</span>音乐家，<span word="physician">physician</span>内科医生，<span word="Russian">Russian</span>俄罗斯人，<span word="African">African</span>非洲人，<span word="American">American</span>美国人 -<span word="ist">ist</span> <span word="scientist">scientist</span>科学家，<span word="physicist">physicist</span>物理学家，<span word="socialist">socialist</span>社会主义者，<span word="biologist">biologist</span>生物学家 八、不改变词性的前缀 前缀 例词 <span word="in">in</span>-(不，非) <span word="invisible">invisible</span>看不见的，<span word="incomplete">incomplete</span>不完整的，<span word="incorrect">incorrect</span>不正确的 <span word="il">il</span>-(不，非) <span word="illegal">illegal</span>违法的，<span word="illogical">illogical</span>不符合逻辑的 <span word="im">im</span>-(不，非) <span word="imperfect">imperfect</span>不完美的，<span word="immoral">immoral</span>不道德的，<span word="impolite">impolite</span>不礼貌的，<span word="impossible">impossible</span>不可能的 <span word="ir">ir</span>-(不，非) <span word="irregular">irregular</span>不规则的，<span word="irresponsible">irresponsible</span>不负责任的 <span word="un">un</span>-(不，非) <span word="unfair">unfair</span>不公平的，<span word="unhealthy">unhealthy</span>不健康的，<span word="unlucky">unlucky</span>不幸的，<span word="unfortunate">unfortunate</span>不幸的，<span word="unable">unable</span>不能的，<span word="unimportant">unimportant</span>不重要的，<span word="undress">undress</span>给(某人)脱衣服，<span word="unload">unload</span>卸货 <span word="non">non</span>- (无，没有) <span word="nonsense">nonsense</span>胡说，废话，<span word="non">non</span><span word="effective">effective</span>无效的，<span word="non">non</span><span word="existent">existent</span>不存在的 <span word="dis">dis</span>-(不，无) <span word="disagree">disagree</span>不同意，<span word="disadvantage">disadvantage</span>劣势，<span word="dissatisfy">dissatisfy</span>使不满意，<span word="dishonest">dishonest</span>不诚实的，<span word="dislike">dislike</span>不喜欢 <span word="a">a</span>-(在……上/里/前) <span word="aboard">aboard</span>在轮船/火车/飞机上，<span word="ahead">ahead</span>在前面 <span word="mis">mis</span>-(误解) <span word="mislead">mislead</span>误导，<span word="misunderstand">misunderstand</span>误解，<span word="mistake">mistake</span>误认为 <span word="inter">inter</span>-(相互，之间) <span word="international">international</span>国际的，<span word="interact">interact</span>相互作用，<span word="internet">internet</span>因特网 <span word="kilo">kilo</span>-(千) <span word="kilometer">kilometer</span>千米，公里，<span word="kilogram">kilogram</span>千克，公斤 <span word="multi">multi</span>-(多，多种) <span word="multi">multi</span><span word="national">national</span>多国的，<span word="multi">multi</span><span word="colored">colored</span>多种颜色的 <span word="re">re</span>-(重复，再) <span word="retell">retell</span>复述，<span word="rewrite">rewrite</span>重写，<span word="remarry">remarry</span>再婚，<span word="rebuild">rebuild</span>重建 <span word="super">super</span>-(在上面，超级) <span word="supermarket">supermarket</span>超市，<span word="supermodel">supermodel</span>超级模特儿，<span word="superman">superman</span>超人 <span word="semi">semi</span>-(半) <span word="semifinal">semifinal</span>半决赛，<span word="semicircle">semicircle</span>半圆 <span word="tele">tele</span>-(远) <span word="telephone">telephone</span>电话，<span word="television">television</span>电视 <span word="under">under</span>(在……下) <span word="underestimate">underestimate</span>低估，<span word="underground">underground</span>地下的 注：1.前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性，但<span word="courage">courage</span> (<span word="n">n</span>.)勇气—<span word="discourage">discourage</span> (<span word="vt">vt</span>.)使泄气，<span word="large">large</span> (<span word="adj">adj</span>.)大的—<span word="enlarge">enlarge</span> (<span word="vt">vt</span>.)扩大，<span word="danger">danger</span> (<span word="n">n</span>.)危险—<span word="endanger">endanger</span> (<span word="vt">vt</span>.)危及。2.后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义，但<span word="leader">leader</span> (<span word="n">n</span>.)领导—<span word="leadership">leadership</span> (<span word="n">n</span>.)领导阶层/关系，<span word="friend">friend</span> (<span word="n">n</span>.)—<span word="friendship">friendship</span> (<span word="n">n</span>.)友谊</p>
页:
[1]