首页 › 高考英语 › 2017届高考英语一轮复习语法专练课件：2 非谓语动词（牛津译林版）

meili 发表于 2022-10-18 21:03:21

2017届高考英语一轮复习语法专练课件：2 非谓语动词（牛津译林版）

<p>　　七、不定式作动词(词组)<span word="tell">tell</span>,<span word="show">show</span>,<span word="understand">understand</span>,<span word="explain">explain</span>,<span word="teach">teach</span>,<span word="learn">learn</span>,<span word="advise">advise</span>,<span word="discuss">discuss</span>,<span word="ask">ask</span>,<span word="decide">decide</span>,<span word="wonder">wonder</span>,<span word="find">find</span> <span word="out">out</span>等的宾语时,前面常带引导词<span word="how">how</span>,<span word="what">what</span>,<span word="whether">whether</span>,<span word="where">where</span>,<span word="when">when</span>,<span word="who">who</span>等,但<span word="why">why</span>后加不带<span word="to">to</span>的不定式。 注意:此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与句子的主语或宾语保持一致,否则用宾语从句。如: <span word="He">He</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span>.(=<span word="He">He</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span>.) 他给我们演示怎么做这项工作。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>.(=<span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="do">do</span>.) 我不知道做些什么。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="decide">decide</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span>.(=<span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="decide">decide</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="we">we</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="go">go</span>.) 我们必须决定是否留下。 <span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span>?你能告诉我为什么做此事吗? 知识清单五　不定式、分词作状语的用法要点 一、不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语,可以表示目的、结果或原因。 <span word="Helen">Helen</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="shout">shout</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="herself">herself</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sound">sound</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="music">music</span>. 海伦不得不大声讲话,以便能在如此大声的音乐下被别人听见。(表目的) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="hurried">hurried</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="left">left</span>. 他匆忙到了车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表示“意外或事与愿违”的结果) <span word="My">My</span> <span word="grandmother">grandmother</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="liberation">liberation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="China">China</span>. 我的祖母看到了中国的解放。(表示结果) 某些形容词作表语,表示喜、怒、哀、乐,后跟不定式表示原因。如: <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="glad">glad</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="you">you</span>.见到你很高兴。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="sorry">sorry</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hear">hear</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="failure">failure</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="business">business</span>. 听说你事业失败我很遗憾。 在带有<span word="enough">enough</span>或<span word="too">too</span>的句子里,也常用不定式作状语,表示程度。如: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="people">people</span>. 房间太小,容不下这么多人。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span>. 他到上学的年龄了。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="tired">tired</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span>. 她太累了,做不了这项工作了。 注意:强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可换成<span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span>(为了)或<span word="so">so</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span>(以便)+动词原形。<span word="so">so</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> 不用于句首。如: <span word="He">He</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>. 他早起是为了赶上第一班车。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="bus">bus</span> <span word="stopped">stopped</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pick">pick</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="passengers">passengers</span>. 公共汽车停下以便接载乘客。 形式 意义 <span word="v">v</span>.-<span word="ing">ing</span>(<span word="doing">doing</span>) 与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系,与句中谓语动词动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生 <span word="having">having</span>+<span word="v">v</span>.-<span word="ed">ed</span> (<span word="having">having</span> <span word="done">done</span>) 与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系,先于谓语动词动作发生 <span word="v">v</span>.-<span word="ed">ed</span>(<span word="done">done</span>) 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系 <span word="being">being</span>+<span word="v">v</span>.-<span word="ed">ed</span> (<span word="being">being</span> <span word="done">done</span>) 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且与谓语动词动作同时发生,一般作原因状语置于句首 <span word="having">having</span> <span word="been">been</span>+<span word="v">v</span>.-<span word="ed">ed</span> (<span word="having">having</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="done">done</span>) 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生 二、分词作状语 1.分词作状语时其形式的选择 2.分词作状语的基本原则 分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。即分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用分词作状语。 3.分词作状语的句法功能 分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可与连词<span word="while">while</span>或<span word="when">when</span>连用。如: <span word="When">When</span> <span word="offered">offered</span> <span word="help">help</span>,<span word="one">one</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="says">says</span>“<span word="Thank">Thank</span> <span word="you">you</span>.”<span word="or">or</span> “<span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="you">you</span>.”(时间) 当被提供帮助的时候,人们常说“谢谢”或“你真好”。 <span word="Be">Be</span> <span word="careful">careful</span> <span word="while">while</span>/<span word="when">when</span> <span word="crossing">crossing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span>.(时间) 过马路的时候小心点。 <span word="Separated">Separated</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="continents">continents</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="millions">millions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="years">years</span>,<span word="Australia">Australia</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>.(原因) 和其他大洲分离了数百万年,澳大利亚有许多在世界上任何别的国家找不到的动植物。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="glanced">glanced</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="her">her</span>,<span word="noting">noting</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="tiny">tiny</span>,<span word="she">she</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="well">well</span>.(结果) 他不经意地看了一下她,发现她虽然很纤弱,但看起来非常健康。 <span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="times">times</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="repeated">repeated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="mistake">mistake</span>.(让步) 虽然被告诉过好多次了,但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lab">lab</span>,<span word="followed">followed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="students">students</span>.(伴随)老师进了实验室,后面跟着一些学生。 4.独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:<span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="speaking">speaking</span> 一般说来;<span word="frankly">frankly</span> <span word="speaking">speaking</span> 坦白地说;<span word="judging">judging</span> <span word="from">from</span>/<span word="by">by</span>...根据……来判断;<span word="considering">considering</span>.../<span word="taking">taking</span>...<span word="into">into</span> <span word="consideration">consideration</span>考虑到……;<span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="truth">truth</span> 说实话;<span word="seeing">seeing</span>...考虑到……;<span word="supposing">supposing</span>假设;<span word="assuming">assuming</span>假使;<span word="provided">provided</span>(<span word="that">that</span>...)如果;<span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="to">to</span>/<span word="with">with</span> 与……相比。如: <span word="Judging">Judging</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="accent">accent</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="south">south</span>. 从口音判断,他是南方人。 <span word="Considering">Considering</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="health">health</span>,<span word="you">you</span>'<span word="d">d</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rest">rest</span>. 考虑到你的健康,你最好休息一下。 <span word="To">To</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="truth">truth</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="tired">tired</span>. 说实话,我有点累。 5.独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构(<span word="Abso">Abso</span>-<span word="lute">lute</span> <span word="Construction">Construction</span>)。独立主格结构的特点是:①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。独立主格结构的构成是: ①名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词; ②名词/代词+形容词; ③名词/代词+副词; ④名词/代词+不定式; ⑤名词/代词+介词短语; ⑥<span word="with">with</span>/<span word="without">without</span>+名词/代词+宾语补足语。如: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="finished">finished</span>(=<span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="finished">finished</span>),<span word="we">we</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="holiday">holiday</span>. 考试结束后,我们就开始放假了。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="president">president</span> <span word="assassinated">assassinated</span>(=<span word="After">After</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="president">president</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="assassinated">assassinated</span>),<span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="coun">coun</span>-<span word="try">try</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="deep">deep</span> <span word="sorrow">sorrow</span>. 总统被谋杀了,全国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。 <span word="Weather">Weather</span> <span word="permitting">permitting</span>(=<span word="If">If</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="permits">permits</span>),<span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. 如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="library">library</span>,<span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="arm">arm</span>. 他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆。 易混点总结 一、不定式、动名词和分词在句中所作成分的区别 1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。如: <span word="Smoking">Smoking</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="prohibited">prohibited</span> <span word="here">here</span>.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="smoke">smoke</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span>. 你吸这么多烟对身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用来表示一件已知的事或经验;不定式作主语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。如: <span word="Climbing">Climbing</span> <span word="mountains">mountains</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span>. 爬山很有趣。(经验) <span word="To">To</span> <span word="lean">lean</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="window">window</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="dangerous">dangerous</span>. 把头伸出窗外是危险的。(未发生) (3)不定式作主语,一般用<span word="it">it</span>充当形式主语,而把作真正主语的不定式短语后置。如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="finish">finish</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span>. 完成这项工作只花了我5分钟的时间。 (4)一般来说,可以用动名词的复合结构作主语,不用不定式的复合结构作主语。如: 正:<span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="saying">saying</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="useful">useful</span>. 你那么说有用。 误:<span word="For">For</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 对我们而言,那么说对他没有用。 (5)动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span> +<span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>. 如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="crying">crying</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="spilt">spilt</span> <span word="milk">milk</span>.覆水难收。 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。 <span word="Seeing">Seeing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="believing">believing</span>.(=<span word="To">To</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="believe">believe</span>.)眼见为实。 2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 ①不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。如: <span word="What">What</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="once">once</span>. 我的建议是立刻开始工作。 ②如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也应是不定式(表示结果)。如: <span word="To">To</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="earn">earn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="living">living</span>.工作就是为了生活。 ③如果主语是以<span word="aim">aim</span>,<span word="duty">duty</span>,<span word="hope">hope</span>,<span word="idea">idea</span>,<span word="job">job</span>,<span word="plan">plan</span>,<span word="problem">problem</span>,<span word="purpose">purpose</span>,<span word="thing">thing</span>,<span word="wish">wish</span>等为中心的名词,或是<span word="what">what</span>引导的名词性从句,则不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用的。如: <span word="His">His</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="luxurious">luxurious</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span>. 他的愿望是在将来买一辆豪华轿车。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="negotiate">negotiate</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plant">plant</span>. 最重要的事情是与他们商讨一下这个工厂的未来。 (2)动名词作表语 动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般性的行为,一般可以和主语互换位置,意义不变。如: <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="serving">serving</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span>.我们的工作是为人民服务。 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="hobby">hobby</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="collecting">collecting</span> <span word="stamps">stamps</span>.他的爱好是集邮。 <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="washing">washing</span> <span word="clothes">clothes</span>.她的工作是洗衣服。 注意:动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其功能迥异:现在分词说明动作是由主语完成的;动名词作表语是用来说明主语的性质或情况的。 (3)分词作表语 分词作表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词作表语,一种是过去分词作表语,这两者的区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词,如<span word="ex">ex</span>-<span word="cite">cite</span>,<span word="interest">interest</span>等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”、“感兴趣”,而是“使激动”、“使感兴趣”,因而现在分词应该意为“令人激动的”、“令人感兴趣的”,过去分词意为“感到激动的”和“感兴趣的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都用<span word="v">v</span>.-<span word="ing">ing</span>形式,凡是表示“感到……的”都用<span word="v">v</span>.-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是<span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="is">is</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="in">in</span>...,若人/物本身令人感兴趣时,就是<span word="sb">sb</span>./<span word="sth">sth</span>.<span word="is">is</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span>。常见的这类词有: <span word="disappointing">disappointing</span>令人失望的—<span word="disappointed">disappointed</span>感到失望的 <span word="encouraging">encouraging</span>令人鼓舞的—<span word="encouraged">encouraged</span>感到鼓舞的 <span word="pleasing">pleasing</span>令人愉快的—<span word="pleased">pleased</span>感到愉快的 <span word="puzzling">puzzling</span>令人费解的—<span word="puzzled">puzzled</span>感到费解的 <span word="satisfying">satisfying</span>令人满意的—<span word="satisfied">satisfied</span>感到满意的 <span word="surprising">surprising</span>令人惊异的—<span word="surprised">surprised</span>感到惊异的 <span word="worrying">worrying</span>令人担心的—<span word="worried">worried</span>感到担心的 如:<span word="Travelling">Travelling</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="tiring">tiring</span>. 旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="pupils">pupils</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="confused">confused</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span>. <span word="interesting">interesting</span>令人感兴趣的—<span word="interested">interested</span>感兴趣的 <span word="exciting">exciting</span>令人激动的—<span word="excited">excited</span>感到激动的 <span word="delighting">delighting</span>令人高兴的—<span word="delighted">delighted</span>感到高兴的 如果要学生学太多,他们会糊涂的。 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="convincing">convincing</span>. 他的论点是非常有说服力的。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="excited">excited</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>. 听到这个消息,他们非常激动。 3.动名词和不定式作定语的区别 动名词作定语置于被修饰的名词前,表示名词的用途;不定式作定语置于被修饰的名词之后,表示尚未发生的事。如: <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fishing">fishing</span> <span word="net">net</span> 渔网;<span word="a">a</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="room">room</span> 阅览室 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="discussed">discussed</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="important">important</span>. 今天下午将要讨论的问题很重要。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="letters">letters</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span>.我有三封信要写。 4.分词与不定式作状语的区别 (1)现在分词与不定式都作结果状语时: ①现在分词作结果状语,表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词之后,与句子的主语之间含有逻辑上的因果关系,往往带有必然性,它须放在句子之后,用逗号隔开。如: <span word="But">But</span>,<span word="filled">filled</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="extraordinary">extraordinary</span> <span word="strength">strength</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="complete">complete</span>-<span word="ly">ly</span>,<span word="obliging">obliging</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="too">too</span>,<span word="or">or</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="supported">supported</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 可他一下子使出了非凡的力气,完全站了起来,我也不得不跟着站了起来,否则就无法搀扶他了。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fish">fish</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="eat">eat</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span>,<span word="leaving">leaving</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bones">bones</span>.这种鱼能在两分钟内吃掉一个人,只留下一堆骨头。 ②不定式作结果状语,位置也在句子之后,但不一定用逗号隔开。它往往表示未曾料到的结果,尤其是不愉快的或出人意料的结果。如: <span word="We">We</span> <span word="hurried">hurried</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span>,<span word="only">only</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="left">left</span>. 我们急匆匆地赶到火车站,结果发现火车已经开走了。 ③在<span word="too">too</span>...<span word="to">to</span>,<span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span>,<span word="so">so</span>...<span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span>这些固定搭配中,用不定式作结果状语。如: <span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="skate">skate</span> <span word="on">on</span>? 冰坚固到了可以在上面滑冰的程度了吗? <span word="Would">Would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="box">box</span> <span word="upstairs">upstairs</span>? 请帮我把这个箱子搬到楼上好吗? (2)作条件状语、原因状语和伴随(方式)状语,使用分词形式。但具体该使用现在分词还是过去分词,应看句子的主语。作目的状语时,应使用不定式。如: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="visiting">visiting</span> <span word="Minister">Minister</span> <span word="expressed">expressed</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="satisfaction">satisfaction</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="talk">talk</span>,<span word="adding">adding</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="enjoyed">enjoyed</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="here">here</span>. 来访部长表达了他对这次谈话的满意,还补充说他喜欢这次来访。 <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="received">received</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reply">reply</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="again">again</span>. 由于没有收到答复,他决定再写一封信。 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="heated">heated</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="temperature">temperature</span>,<span word="water">water</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="vapor">vapor</span>. 如果加热到一定的温度,水会变成水蒸气。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="farmers">farmers</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fertilizer">fertilizer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crops">crops</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="strong">strong</span>.农民们给庄稼施肥是为了使庄稼更强壮。 二、不定式的主动形式和被动形式 1.不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式在逻辑上构成主动关系时,不定式往往用主动形式。如: <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="knife">knife</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cut">cut</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="watermelon">watermelon</span>?(<span word="A">A</span> <span word="knife">knife</span> <span word="cuts">cuts</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="watermelon">watermelon</span>.) 你有切西瓜的刀吗? 2.不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主动关系时,不定式常用主动形式。如: <span word="She">She</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sister">sister</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="after">after</span>.(<span word="She">She</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="sister">sister</span>.) 她有个妹妹要照看。 3.不定式作表语形容词的状语,和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式多用主动形式,这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了<span word="for">for</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.。如: <span word="This">This</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span>.这本书很难懂。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fish">fish</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nice">nice</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="eat">eat</span>.这种鱼很好吃。 <span word="English">English</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span>.英语很容易学。 4.在<span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span>结构中,当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时,不定式用主动形式;如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须被完成,则用被动形式。如: <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>.(<span word="Someone">Someone</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span>.) 有很多工作要做。 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span>.(<span word="The">The</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span>.) 有很多工作有待被做。 有时为了避免重复,可以用<span word="to">to</span>来代替前面的不定式,这种情况常出现在下列动词之后:<span word="expect">expect</span>,<span word="hope">hope</span>,<span word="wish">wish</span>,<span word="mean">mean</span>,<span word="prefer">prefer</span>,<span word="forget">forget</span>,<span word="want">want</span>,<span word="try">try</span>;或出现在<span word="be">be</span> <span word="glad">glad</span>/<span word="happy">happy</span>,<span word="would">would</span> <span word="like">like</span>/<span word="love">love</span>等的后面。 如果在省略的不定式结构中含有<span word="be">be</span>,<span word="have">have</span>,<span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span>,则这些词要保留。如: <span word="I">I</span> <span word="haven">haven</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Hong">Hong</span> <span word="Kong">Kong</span>,<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="to">to</span>. 我没去过香港,但我希望去(那里)。 —<span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="holiday">holiday</span>? —<span word="No">No</span>,<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span>'<span word="d">d</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>. ——你在度假吗? ——不是,但我希望(在度假)。 —<span word="I">I</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>. 三、不定式符号<span word="to">to</span>的保留问题 —<span word="Oh">Oh</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span>. ——我没告诉他那个消息。 ——噢,你应该(早)告诉(他)。 四、注意以下表达的意义区别</p>

查看完整版本: 2017届高考英语一轮复习语法专练课件：2 非谓语动词（牛津译林版）