2017届高考英语大一轮复习专题课件：附录Ⅱ 构词法（全国通用）
<p> 附录Ⅱ：构词法 <span word="Word">Word</span> <span word="formation">formation</span> 在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。 1.合成(<span word="Compounding">Compounding</span>) 由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。如： <span word="blackboard">blackboard</span> <span word="nightfall">nightfall</span> <span word="fantasyland">fantasyland</span> <span word="cowboy">cowboy</span> <span word="everywhere">everywhere</span> <span word="somewhere">somewhere</span> <span word="however">however</span> <span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="wherever">wherever</span> <span word="maybe">maybe</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span> <span word="playground">playground</span> <span word="backbone">backbone</span> <span word="broadcast">broadcast</span></p><p> <span word="sunburn">sunburn</span> <span word="overthrow">overthrow</span> <span word="snowstorm">snowstorm</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="myself">myself</span> <span word="eggplant">eggplant</span> <span word="reading">reading</span>-<span word="room">room</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>-<span word="driver">driver</span> <span word="man">man</span>-<span word="made">made</span> <span word="blue">blue</span>-<span word="eyed">eyed</span> <span word="passer">passer</span>-<span word="by">by</span> <span word="worn">worn</span>-<span word="out">out</span> <span word="up">up</span>-<span word="to">to</span>-<span word="date">date</span> <span word="easy">easy</span>-<span word="going">going</span> <span word="part">part</span>-<span word="time">time</span> <span word="bus">bus</span> <span word="stop">stop</span> <span word="post">post</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="cream">cream</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="park">park</span></p><p> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="rights">rights</span> <span word="grass">grass</span> <span word="roots">roots</span></p><p> 2.转化(<span word="Conversion">Conversion</span>) 一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。如： 1)<span word="taste">taste</span>(<span word="v">v</span>.)→<span word="taste">taste</span>(<span word="n">n</span>.) <span word="It">It</span> <span word="tastes">tastes</span> <span word="good">good</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="taste">taste</span>. 2)<span word="hand">hand</span>(<span word="n">n</span>.)→<span word="hand">hand</span>(<span word="v">v</span>.) <span word="Let">Let</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>. <span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="class">class</span>. 3)<span word="clean">clean</span>(<span word="adj">adj</span>.)→<span word="clean">clean</span>(<span word="v">v</span>.) <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tidy">tidy</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="cleans">cleans</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>. 4)<span word="shade">shade</span>(<span word="n">n</span>.)→<span word="shade">shade</span>(<span word="v">v</span>.) <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="sitting">sitting</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shade">shade</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="tree">tree</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="shaded">shaded</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sun">sun</span>.</p><p> 词性转化后，有的单词读音会发生变化。如： 1)<span word="use">use</span>/<span word="ju">ju</span>ː<span word="s">s</span>/(<span word="n">n</span>.)→<span word="use">use</span>/<span word="ju">ju</span>ː<span word="z">z</span>/(<span word="v">v</span>.) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="chemical">chemical</span> <span word="fertilizer">fertilizer</span> <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>. <span word="May">May</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="pencil">pencil</span>? 2)<span word="present">present</span>/'<span word="preznt">preznt</span>/(<span word="n">n</span>.)→<span word="present">present</span>/<span word="prI">prI</span>'<span word="zent">zent</span>/(<span word="v">v</span>.) <span word="She">She</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="birthday">birthday</span>. <span word="Large">Large</span> <span word="classes">classes</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span>. 3)<span word="transport">transport</span>/'<span word="tr">tr</span>æ<span word="nsp">nsp</span>ɔː<span word="t">t</span>/(<span word="n">n</span>.)→<span word="transport">transport</span>/<span word="tr">tr</span>æ<span word="ns">ns</span>'<span word="p">p</span>ɔː<span word="t">t</span>/(<span word="v">v</span>.) <span word="Horses">Horses</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="transport">transport</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="days">days</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="transported">transported</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>. 4)<span word="increase">increase</span>/'<span word="I">I</span><span word="kri">kri</span>ː<span word="s">s</span>/(<span word="n">n</span>.)→<span word="increase">increase</span>/<span word="In">In</span>'<span word="kri">kri</span>ː<span word="s">s</span>/(<span word="v">v</span>.) <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="hoping">hoping</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wage">wage</span> <span word="increase">increase</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span>.</p>
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