2017届高考英语大一轮复习专题课件：专题2 代词和介词（全国通用）
<p> 易错点3 思维定势，误解语境 (2017·北京，34) <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="shirt">shirt</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="tight">tight</span>________<span word="the">the</span> <span word="shoulders">shoulders</span>? 解析 句意：你觉得这件衬衫肩膀的位置太紧了吗？本题考查介词的基本用法。<span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shoulders">shoulders</span>指肩宽，两肩的距离，故填<span word="across">across</span>。 答案 <span word="across">across</span> 【即时小练】 —<span word="How">How</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="actor">actor</span>? —________1995，<span word="when">when</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="graduated">graduated</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="college">college</span>. 答案 <span word="Since">Since</span> 以题说法 此题易用<span word="to">to</span>，因为同学们会受思维定势影响，误以为考查<span word="too">too</span>...<span word="to">to</span>结构；也有同学会用<span word="on">on</span>，认为是说“肩膀上”，指具体地点，但此处考查两肩间的距离。 突破指南 近年高考侧重语境，淡化语法，做题要突破思维定势，仔细体会语境相当重要。 易错点4 固定句式记忆不牢固 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="relay">relay</span> <span word="race">race</span>________<span word="her">her</span> <span word="foot">foot</span> <span word="wounded">wounded</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span>. 答案 <span word="with">with</span> 【即时小练】 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span>________<span word="the">the</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="telephoning">telephoning</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="letter">letter</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span>. 答案 <span word="on">on</span> [<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="sth">sth</span> 是固定搭配，另外注意这个句子中并列连词<span word="when">when</span>连接的固定句型： <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>...<span word="when">when</span>...，意思是“正要干……这时……”，这样的句型还有<span word="be">be</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>...<span word="when">when</span>...; <span word="was">was</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>...<span word="when">when</span>...。句意：我正要给他打电话，他的信到了。] 以题说法 考查<span word="with">with</span>＋名词＋<span word="adj">adj</span>.复合结构用作状语，此题误用<span word="when">when</span>，原句则需改成<span word="when">when</span>/<span word="while">while</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="foot">foot</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="wounded">wounded</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span>。句意：你不知道她脚部受伤这么严重是怎么跑完接力赛的。 突破指南 介词与句型的融合使用，成为近几年的高考趋势，熟记句型和搭配是非常关键的。 易错点5 受汉语思维影响 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="graduates">graduates</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="determined">determined</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="devote">devote</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> ________<span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="space">space</span> <span word="science">science</span>. 解析 句意：毕业生们决心献身于中国太空科学事业。<span word="devote">devote</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="sth">sth</span> 意为“献身于……”，这里的<span word="to">to</span>是介词。类似的结构有：<span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span>，<span word="get">get</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="to">to</span>，<span word="look">look</span> <span word="forward">forward</span> <span word="to">to</span>，<span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="contribution">contribution</span> <span word="to">to</span>等。 答案 <span word="to">to</span> 【即时小练】 (1)(2015·河北邯郸质检)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="looked">looked</span>________<span word="the">the</span> <span word="direction">direction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="voice">voice</span>，<span word="only">only</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lovely">lovely</span> <span word="dog">dog</span>. (2)<span word="Fred">Fred</span> <span word="entered">entered</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="knocking">knocking</span> <span word="and">and</span>, <span word="very">very</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="breath">breath</span>, <span word="sank">sank</span> ________ <span word="a">a</span> <span word="chair">chair</span>. 答案 (1)<span word="in">in</span> (2)<span word="into">into</span> 以题说法 易误用<span word="for">for</span>。受到汉语思维习惯的影响，考生易误认为是“为了(<span word="for">for</span>表目的)”中国的太空科学事业而奉献，却忽略了与<span word="devote">devote</span>固定搭配的介词只能是<span word="to">to</span>。 突破指南 学习英语要注意摆脱母语的束缚。介词是虚词，必须放在语境中才能有生动鲜活的意义，死记硬背单个介词的意义是很容易进入误区的，所以要多思考语境，不能死抠字眼，要从全局入手。如：中国学生还常将<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="direction">direction</span>记作<span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="direction">direction</span>，因为“<span word="to">to</span>”有“朝向……”的意思。 易错点6 固定搭配含混不清 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span>.<span word="Miner">Miner</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="speech">speech</span>; <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="and">and</span>________<span word="the">the</span> <span word="point">point</span>. 解析 考查介词与名词构成的短语，<span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="point">point</span>意思为“切中要点”。句意：我喜欢<span word="Miner">Miner</span>先生的讲话，既清楚又切中要点。 答案 <span word="to">to</span> 【即时小练】 <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="railway">railway</span> <span word="station">station</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="waved">waved</span> <span word="goodbye">goodbye</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="daughter">daughter</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="was">was</span>________ <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sight">sight</span>. 答案 <span word="out">out</span> 以题说法 辨析题是选择题的常考题型。根据介词短语的构成形式，可以考查某一词和不同介词的搭配；也可考查同一介词和不同词的搭配辨析，要明确其意义，对比异同，根据句意需要而选择。 突破指南 高考中对介词的考查很灵活。由于介词不能单独充当某一成分，而总是与动词或名词等连用组成介词短语，所以对介词的考查更多地融合在时态或句型中，因此需要考生全面理解试题的含义及结构，而不能孤立地考虑介词的一般含义。 假设你是李华，请你以自己网上购书所遇到的不愉快经历，向中国某家英文报纸生活栏目写一封抱怨信。要点如下： 1.所购书中有破损、缺页现象； 2.一些书籍价格比实体书店还要贵； 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头语和结尾已给出(不计入总词数)。 <span word="Dear">Dear</span> <span word="Sir">Sir</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Madame">Madame</span>， <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="student">student</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="express">express</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="dissatisfaction">dissatisfaction</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="disappointment">disappointment</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="unpleasant">unpleasant</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="grateful">grateful</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="opinion">opinion</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="consideration">consideration</span>. <span word="Yours">Yours</span> <span word="sincerely">sincerely</span>， <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="Hua">Hua</span> 【范文实例】 1.本文是一篇应用文(抱怨信)，文章层次分明，写出了抱怨的原因和对这件事的解决建议，表达了希望。 2.文章用了<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="place">place</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="addition">addition</span>, <span word="needless">needless</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span>等关联词，使得文章结构更为清晰。此外，固定句型<span word="The">The</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="why">why</span>...<span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span>...，分词<span word="hoping">hoping</span> <span word="that">that</span>...的运用也提升了文章的品质。 3.<span word="arouse">arouse</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="attention">attention</span>, <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="expectation">expectation</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="supervision">supervision</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="opinion">opinion</span>的运用也彰显了考生深厚的语言功底。 读后启示：_____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 表示“(标准、度量、数量)根据，按照，以……计算”，常用结构“<span word="by">by</span>＋<span word="the">the</span>＋单数可数名词” <span word="Parcel">Parcel</span> <span word="post">post</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="charged">charged</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="weight">weight</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="mileage">mileage</span>, <span word="without">without</span> <span word="reference">reference</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="contents">contents</span>. 包裹邮递按重量和路程收费，不管所装何物。 (表示程度、数量)相差 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="oil">oil</span> <span word="fell">fell</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="further">further</span> 2 <span word="dollars">dollars</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="barrel">barrel</span>. 油价每桶又下降了两美元。 经过，经由 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="walked">walked</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="saying">saying</span> <span word="hello">hello</span>.他径直从我身边走过，甚至连招呼都不打。 靠，用，通过(某种方式、手段) <span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="reserve">reserve</span> <span word="tickets">tickets</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="phone">phone</span>. 你可以通过电话订票。 4.<span word="with">with</span>的用法 含 义 例 句 和……一起，和，同，跟 <span word="Put">Put</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="bag">bag</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="others">others</span>. 把这个包和其他的包放在一起。 (表示同时或同一方向)随着 <span word="With">With</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="learners">learners</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rise">rise</span>, <span word="it">it</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="words">words</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="contexts">contexts</span>. 随着英语学习者的数量越来越多，对他们来说在汉语的上下文里理解这些英语单词并不是很困难。 具有，带有 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="dictionary">dictionary</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="me">me</span>.这本字典正是我想要的，但是我没带够钱。 由于，因为 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="parking">parking</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="bikes">bikes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="school">school</span>. 在我们学校自行车存放处有一个长久以来就存在的问题。 (表示方式)用 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="money">money</span>？你会用这笔钱买什么？ <span word="against">against</span>，<span word="beyond">beyond</span>，<span word="by">by</span>，<span word="with">with</span>是出现频率高，考查范围广的几个介词，其意义用法灵活丰富，需要同学们对它们的各种用法了如指掌。 单句改错 23.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="coat">coat</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="machine">machine</span>.</p>
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