2017届高考英语牛津版一轮复习语法考点专练课件：6 名词、冠词和代词
<p> <span word="That">That</span> <span word="dog">dog</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Mike">Mike</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="troubles">troubles</span>. 迈克的那只狗总是惹祸。(比用<span word="Mike">Mike</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="dog">dog</span>更具有厌恶情绪) 三、名词作定语 1.当名词作定语时,一般用单数形式,即使在意义上是复数(如<span word="shoes">shoes</span>)或总用作 复数的名词(如<span word="trousers">trousers</span>),也是如此。如: <span word="shoe">shoe</span> <span word="repairers">repairers</span>修鞋的人 <span word="pencil">pencil</span> <span word="boxes">boxes</span>铅笔盒 <span word="radio">radio</span> <span word="programs">programs</span>电台节目 <span word="book">book</span> <span word="marks">marks</span>书签 <span word="tooth">tooth</span> <span word="brushes">brushes</span>牙刷 <span word="trouser">trouser</span> <span word="pockets">pockets</span>裤子上的口袋 但也有例外,它们是:<span word="sports">sports</span>,<span word="customs">customs</span>,<span word="arms">arms</span>,<span word="clothes">clothes</span>,<span word="sales">sales</span>和<span word="accounts">accounts</span>。如: <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sports">sports</span> <span word="car">car</span>一辆赛车 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="customs">customs</span> <span word="officer">officer</span>一个海关官员 <span word="arms">arms</span> <span word="production">production</span>武器的生产 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="clothes">clothes</span> <span word="shop">shop</span>一家服装店 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="salesgirl">salesgirl</span>一个女售货员 <span word="an">an</span> <span word="accounts">accounts</span> <span word="department">department</span>一个会计部门 2.“<span word="man">man</span>/<span word="woman">woman</span>+<span word="n">n</span>.”变复数时,作定语的<span word="man">man</span>/<span word="woman">woman</span>和中心词都要变复数。 如: <span word="men">men</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span>男老师 <span word="women">women</span> <span word="engineers">engineers</span>女工程师 四、几组常考名词辨析 1.<span word="cause">cause</span>,<span word="reason">reason</span>,<span word="excuse">excuse</span> <span word="cause">cause</span>是造成一种事实或现象的“原因、起因”,后接介词<span word="of">of</span>;<span word="reason">reason</span>是说明一 种看法或行为的“理由”;<span word="excuse">excuse</span> 意为“借口、辩解”。如: <span word="Carelessness">Carelessness</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="usual">usual</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fire">fire</span>. 粗心往往是导致火灾的原因。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="won">won</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="accept">accept</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="offer">offer</span>. 你必须告诉他你不愿意接受他的提议的原因。 <span word="Late">Late</span> <span word="again">again</span>!<span word="What">What</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="excuse">excuse</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="time">time</span>? 又迟到了!这次你又是什么借口? 2.<span word="mistake">mistake</span>,<span word="error">error</span>,<span word="fault">fault</span> 三个词都有“错误、过错”的意思,但<span word="mistake">mistake</span>几乎等于<span word="error">error</span>,只不过<span word="error">error</span>更正 式,更常用于书面语。此外,<span word="error">error</span>强调“道德方面的过失”,如:<span word="the">the</span> <span word="error">error</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="youth">youth</span>他年轻时的过失,而<span word="fault">fault</span>则强调“(性格上的)小缺点”,如:<span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="fault">fault</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="concentrate">concentrate</span>.你唯一的缺点就是注意力不集中。 但以上三个词在一些固定短语中却不能混用。如:<span word="an">an</span> <span word="error">error</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="judgment">judgment</span>(判断错 误);<span word="by">by</span> <span word="mistake">mistake</span>(错误地);<span word="find">find</span> <span word="fault">fault</span> <span word="with">with</span>...(找茬儿、挑剔);<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="someone">someone</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="fault">fault</span>... (……是某人的过错)。 3.<span word="journey">journey</span>,<span word="trip">trip</span>,<span word="travel">travel</span>,<span word="voyage">voyage</span> <span word="journey">journey</span>适用范围很广,可指陆海空的旅行,常指距离较远的旅行。<span word="trip">trip</span>指短时 间、短距离的旅行,与<span word="journey">journey</span>通常互换使用,常与其搭配的动词或词组有<span word="make">make</span>, <span word="take">take</span>,<span word="go">go</span> <span word="on">on</span>等。<span word="travel">travel</span>泛指旅游,前面一般不用冠词,复数形式<span word="travels">travels</span>多指旅行经 历或到国外旅行,前面不能用<span word="many">many</span>或数词修饰。通常<span word="journey">journey</span>和<span word="trip">trip</span>强调往返 性,而<span word="travel">travel</span>不侧重往返性,可以是单程旅行。<span word="voyage">voyage</span>指海上旅行或航海。如: <span word="Have">Have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="journey">journey</span>/<span word="trip">trip</span>!旅行愉快! <span word="This">This</span> <span word="post">post</span> <span word="involves">involves</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="travels">travels</span>. 这一职务要求经常到国外出差。 <span word="Titanic">Titanic</span> <span word="sank">sank</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="maiden">maiden</span> <span word="voyage">voyage</span>. “泰坦尼克号”在首航中就沉没了。 4.<span word="habit">habit</span>,<span word="custom">custom</span>,<span word="customs">customs</span> <span word="habit">habit</span>指一个人在长时间内逐渐养成的、一时不易改变的“行为”、“习 惯”;<span word="custom">custom</span>则强调社会、民族经过一个较长时间过程而形成的“风俗”、 “习惯”;<span word="customs">customs</span>意思是“关税”、“进口税”,当首字母大写并与<span word="the">the</span>连用 时,表示“海关”的意思。如: <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="formed">formed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="habit">habit</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="saving">saving</span> <span word="money">money</span>. 他养成了存钱的习惯。 <span word="Social">Social</span> <span word="customs">customs</span> <span word="vary">vary</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="country">country</span>. 各国的风俗习惯很不一样。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="officials">officials</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Customs">Customs</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span> <span word="Airport">Airport</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="polite">polite</span>. 北京机场海关的官员很有礼貌。 5.<span word="award">award</span>,<span word="reward">reward</span> 二者既可作名词也可作动词。<span word="award">award</span>用作名词时,意为“奖品”、“奖金”;用 作动词时,常用于<span word="award">award</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.<span word="to">to</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.;<span word="reward">reward</span>作名词时,意为“报酬”、“奖励”、 “报答”;用作动词时,常用于<span word="reward">reward</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="for">for</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.。如:</p>
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